摘要
文章在心理学、人类学、符号学、社会学4个不同的学科视角下,阐释“纪念”作为心理活动、仪式行为、象征符号、社会事实的概念内涵,并从现代性理论出发,论述旅游与纪念的内在关系。在此基础上,文章梳理了旅游纪念在上述4种本体论视角下的研究进展,并提出未来研究方向。研究发现,旅游纪念是具有内、外两种指向的旅游心理活动,是人们应对转折过程激变性的“过渡礼仪”,是物质或非物质的具身性旅游符号,是外在于旅游者个体的社会事实。旅游纪念是一个贯穿个体到群体、客观存在到主观意义的多维世界。
Drawing on multiple disciplinary perspectives of psychology,anthropology,semiotics and sociology,this study examines the ontology of“commemoration”,discusses its representations in tourism domain based on modernity theory,and further identifies research opportunities for“tourism commemoration”.Commemoration can be interpreted as:1)psychological activity comprising memory and remembering;2)ritual activities which can be collective or personal;3)a symbol that takes certain features and forms to extend,represent or communicate meanings;or 4)social fact which is formed during social development process,is independent of individuals and can affect individuals.Accordingly,tourism commemoration can be psychological activities with both inwards and outwards directivity,a rite with continuity to cope with the turbulence during transition of life,an material or immaterial embodied symbol in tourism domain,or a social fact out of(and independent of)individual tourists.As psychological activities,commemoration can occur on tourism activities themselves(e.g.the trip is memorable)or on those events that are unrelated to tourism activities(e.g.honeymoon trip to mark marriage).These two situations are inter-related,and both can motivate the formation of tourism commemoration as ritual activities.The commemoration psychology and ritual activities can accumulate over time,and finally construct a coercive power that resides within social groups but is independent of individual persons,and thus becomes a macro-level social existence(social facts).This whole process,however,can not exist without symbolic representation of tourism commemoration,whether material and immaterial.As such,tourism commemoration is essentially a complex,multi-dimensional and integral system.A review of previous studies reveals that there is huge room of improvement for academic researches on tourism commemoration.A reflective reconstruction in tourism discourse is still lacking,as extant studies mostly rely on theoretical lenses introduced from other
作者
冯一鸣
叶顺
肖洪根
周玲强
FENG Yiming;YE shun;XIAO Honggen;ZHOU Lingqiang(School of Management,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;School of Hotel and Tourism Management,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong 999077,China)
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第12期12-23,共12页
Tourism Tribune
基金
文化和旅游部2019年专业研究生重点研究扶持项目“纪念性旅游行为的动机与体验研究——以中国大学生毕业旅游为例”(WLRCY2019-001)资助。
关键词
旅游纪念
心理
仪式
符号
社会事实
tourism commemoration
psychology
ritual
symbol
social fact
