摘要
天麻为我国传统名贵中药材,药用功效显著.但众多天麻品种一方面在药材外观性状、生产性能等方面存在差异,另一方面药材内在质量也存在差别,因此,筛选评价出优良的天麻种质资源,为我国天麻种质资源数据库和新品种选育提供基础材料具有重大意义.在全国天麻产区收集种质资源27份,引种至重庆与武隆交界处的南川区水江镇辉煌村2组大佛岩乐村林场建立天麻种质资源圃,经过有性繁殖后,于成熟期采收天麻块茎,采用超声波法和色谱法提取天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇,紫外分光光度法测定其含量.得出不同种源天麻外观性状、产量和天麻素及对羟基苯甲醇总质量分数差异有统计学意义.其中,来自安徽岳西的天麻YX平均单个鲜质量为184.87±9.79 g,平均干质量为35.97±3.52 g,产量为6.53±0.41 kg/m 2,天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇总质量分数为(0.468±0.05)%;陕西城固的天麻CG平均单个鲜质量为157.64±11.31 g,平均干质量为26.08±2.24 g,产量为5.74±0.76 kg/m 2,天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇总质量分数为(0.565±0.08)%;两者从性状、产量及有效成分含量方面均表现突出.引种的2份天麻种源YX和CG质量和产量明显优于其他种源,其天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇总质量分数均高于0.25%的《中国药典》2015年版标准,理论上每666.7 m 2产量在3500 kg以上.在重庆地区推广栽培这2个优良种源,是当前提高重庆产区天麻质量最有效的途径之一.
Gastrodia elata is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with remarkable medicinal effects.However,a great variety of Gastrodia germplasms differ considerably in their appearance and production performance,on the one hand,and in the intrinsic quality of the medicinal materials,on the other.Therefore,it is of great significance to screen out the excellent Gastrodia germplasm resources and provide basic materials for the Chinese Gastrodia germplasm resource database and new variety breeding.In a study reported herein,27 Gastrodia germplasms were collected from the main Gastrodia production areas of China,and they were introduced to the Dafoyan(Lecun Forest Farm)in Nanchuan of Chongqing.After sexual reproduction,the Gastrodia tubers were harvested at maturity,and the gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol were extracted by the ultrasonic method and chromatography,and their contents were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.The results indicated that Gastrodia germplasms of different origins differed significantly in their appearance traits and yield and in the contents of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.Of the 27 Gastrodia germplasms studied,YX from Yuexi of Anhui and CG from Chenggu of Shaanxi showed outstanding performance in terms of traits,yield and active medicinal components.The average fresh weight,average dry weight,yield and the total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol were 184.87±9.79 g,35.97±3.52 g,6.53±0.41 kg/m 2 and(0.468±0.05)%for YX,and 157.64±11.31 g,26.08±2.24 g,5.74±0.76 kg/m 2 and(0.565±0.08)%for CG.In conclusion,the quality and yield of YX and CG were significantly better than those of the other germplasms.Their total contents of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol were higher than 0.25%(Pharmacopoeia standard),and their theoretical yield was above 3500 kg/mu(15 mu=1 hectare).Extension of the cultivation of these two excellent varieties is one of the most effective ways to improve the quality of Gastrodia in Chongqing.
作者
李巧玲
肖波
邓才富
李品明
杨毅
LI Qiao-ling;XIAO Bo;DENG Cai-fu;LI Pin-ming;YANG Yi(The Research Institute of Medicine Plantation of Chongqing/Chongqing Center for the Selection and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Breeding,Nanchuan Chongqing 408435,China)
出处
《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期54-59,共6页
Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
重庆市社会民生科技创新专项(cstc2015shmszx10011).
关键词
天麻
种质资源
评价
优选
Gastrodia elata
germplasm resource
evaluation
optimization
