摘要
针对我国面临的水资源短缺问题,为全面反映我国的水资源压力分布情况及其变化趋势,计算全国及各地区的水资源压力指数并分析其压力因素,提出缓解水资源压力的建议。基于2018年各水资源二级区及地市水资源总量与供水量资料,计算了我国水资源二级区套地市的水资源压力指数(WSI),分析全国与各省市的水资源压力及成因,基于用水总量控制指标(近似替代可利用水资源量)计算WSIl,并与WSI相互补充,用以修正过境水量充沛的地区的WSI。采用M-K检验法对全国及典型区域的WSI值变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:(1)全国WSI中高压力区主要分布在华北地区,东北、西北及华东局部地区;(2)2018年全国的WSI为0.219,相较于2004年的0.23有所减小,水资源压力小幅缓解,但趋势不显著;(3)WSI整体符合区域水资源特点,但在过境水量充沛的地区水资源压力被高估,WSIl对这些地区进行了修正补充;(4)2004—2018年典型地区(WSI>1)的水资源压力呈减小趋势,其中北京市、上海市、宁夏回族自治区及河北省的减小趋势显著,天津市与江苏省的减小趋势不显著。
Aiming at the problem of water resources shortage in China,the water resources pressure indexes in the whole country and all of the regions are calculated and then the relevant factors of the pressure are analyzed,while the suggestions on alleviating the water resources pressure are put forward as well,so as to fully reflect the distribution of the water resources pressure in China and its changing trend.Based on the total amount and the water supply data of all the water resources secondary areas and the prefectures and cities,the water resources pressure indexes(WSI)of the prefectures and cities in the water resources secondary areas in China are calculated,and then the water resources pressures and the relevant causations in the whole country and all the provinces and cities are analyzed,while WSIl is calculated in accordance with the total water consumption control index(approximately replacing the available water resources)and complements with WSI for revising the WSI of those regions with abundant transit water amount.Moreover,the WSI changing trends of the whole country and the typical regions are analyzed with M-K test method as well.The results show that(1)the areas with mid-high WSI in the whole country are mainly distributed in the regions of North China,Northeast,Northwest and East China;(2)WSI of the whole country in 2018 is 0.219,which is decreased to some extent with slight alleviation of the water resources pressure if compared with that of 0.23 in 2004,but the trend is not so significant;(3)WSI is wholly accorded with the regional water resources characteristics,but the water resources pressures of those regions with abundant transit water amount are overestimated,thus the relevant revision and complementation are made with WSIl for those regions;(4)the water pressures in typical regions(WSI>1)exhibit decreasing trends from 2004 to 2018,in which the decreasing trends of Beijing,Shanghai,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Hebei Province are significant,while the decreasing trends of Tianjin and Jia
作者
张知非
倪红珍
陈根发
林希晨
ZHANG Zhifei;NI Hongzhen;CHEN Genfa;LIN Xichen(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)
出处
《水利水电技术》
北大核心
2020年第11期41-48,共8页
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering
基金
国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目“京津冀水资源协同管理机制创新与制度设计”(2016YFC0401408)
中国工程院重大咨询项目“我国水安全战略和相关重大政策研究”(2016-ZD-08)。
关键词
水资源压力
WSI
WSIl
MK检验
水资源总量
用水总量控制指标
water resources pressure
WSI
WSIl
MK test
total amount of water resources
total water consumption control index
