摘要
学生录取公平组织诉哈佛大学董事会案是美国大学招生过程中的典型案例。从案件披露的证据材料来看,种族多元化招生政策隐藏的配额制损害了亚裔申请人的平等入学机会。哈佛大学基于种族而形成的招生分类行为本质上与美国司法所确立的种族中立原则相悖,但却能通过程序正当原则与大学自治原则巧妙地隐藏在招生多元化政策和反歧视原则之下。美国地方法院在对私立大学的招生政策进行司法审查时,往往基于维护大学自治原则会作出对大学有利的裁判。私立大学招生政策中隐藏的招生偏好与立法本意之间存在冲突,造成程序正义与实质正义的撕裂,却无法通过司法审查进行纠偏。公立教育是教育公平的压舱石,高等教育市场化的程度越高,越难以对大学的招生行为进行法律管控与规制。我国通过公法分配教育资源与保护公民受教育权的制度设计在保障教育公平方面具有显著的制度优势。因此,要始终将教育公平作为大学招生法律制度设计的核心价值追求,防止高等教育市场化在战略层面带来教育公平弱化的底层制度冲突。
Students for Fair Admissions,Inc.v.President And Fellows of Harvard College is a typical case in the process of American university enrollment.The hidden quota system in the policy of multi-ethnic enrollment has damaged the equal access of Asian applicants from the evidence materials disclosed in the case.Harvard University’s enrollment classification behavior based on race is essentially contrary to the racial neutrality principle established by American justice,but it can be cleverly hidden under the enrollment diversification policy and anti-discrimination principle through the principle of due process and university autonomy.Although the U.S.district courts will apply strict review standards to classification behaviors when conducting judicial review of the admissions policies of private universities,they often make judgments in favor of universities based on the principle of maintaining university autonomy.In the context of the high marketization of higher education,there is a conflict between the enrollment preference hidden in the enrollment policy of American private universities and the original intention of the legislation,which causes the rupture of procedural justice and substantive justice,but it cannot be corrected through judicial review.Public education is the ballast stone of education fairness.The higher the degree of marketization of higher education,the more difficult it is to control and regulate university admissions.With the public higher education as the main body in China,the system design of allocating educational resources and protecting citizens’right to education through public law has significant institutional advantages in ensuring educational equity.Therefore,the education equity is always regarded as the core value pursuit of the design of university enrollment legal system in case of the promotion of the efficiency of educational resources distribution in the technical level with marketization of higher education,while bringing the low-level system conflict of weakening educa
作者
廖伟伟
罗倩茜
LIAO Weiwei;LUO Qianxi(Law School,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China;Institute of Higher Education,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China)
出处
《重庆高教研究》
CSSCI
2020年第6期83-93,共11页
Chongqing Higher Education Research
基金
安徽法治与社会安全研究中心第二批招标重点项目“安徽省地方教育立法创新与发展研究”
安徽省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“安徽省高考制度改革中的重大法律问题研究”(EFA120359)。
关键词
美国亚裔
大学招生
教育公平
高等教育市场化
Asian Americans
university enrollment
education fairness
marketization of higher education
