摘要
近20年来,纤维增强热塑性复合材料以其优异的韧性、可修复和可回收性,引起了工业界广泛的研究。目前工业中纤维增强热塑性复合材料的成型方法大多为热熔法,包括树脂膜法、树脂粉末法、混纤法、预浸料与半预浸料法。这一类成型方法主要关注树脂高聚物的热成型性能,辅以高温高压成型复合材料。由于树脂是大分子长链,本身流动困难,浸渍纤维困难,从源头决定了复合材料性能不高。于是,热塑性复合材料的原位聚合成型技术以其低成本、高性能等特点成为最新的研究热点。通过对树脂聚合过程的研究,包括树脂聚合过程中温度、压力等参数对树脂聚合的影响等,为纤维增强热塑性复合材料原位聚合成型技术的应用奠定了基础。使用合适的树脂与引发体系,在纤维周围原位聚合高聚物,从而制备性能优异的热塑性复合材料。对PA6(Polyamide-6)树脂的阴离子聚合研究起始于19世纪30年代,这一体系对于反应条件参数的控制与反应洁净度要求非常高。对这一问题的研究催生了最早的密封混料设备,进一步发展出结构反应注射SRIM(Structural reaction injection molding)与真空注射VI(Vacuum infusion)成型技术。这些技术保证了反应环境的清洁度,对于温度压力的控制非常精细,能够满足这一高性能材料的成型要求。同时将成型周期缩短至数分钟,大幅提高了生产效率。对PMMA(Polymethyl methacrylate)树脂原位聚合制备大型结构件的研究主要集中于其热量传导方面,制备厚制件与大尺寸制件过程中传质传热问题非常突出。研究者设计了种类繁多的引发体系,关注了其诱导时间、凝胶时间点等反应动力学过程。同时,一部分研究者关注了热量传导的模拟,预测了制备复合材料的最大厚度。这些研究共同推动了PMMA树脂原位聚合成型技术的发展,使用这一方法成功制备了大型整体船身结�
In last twenty years,fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites have been widely studied in industrial world for their excellent toughness,repairability and recyclability. At present,most of manufacturing processes of fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites in industry are melt processing,such as stacking alternating layers of fiber textiles and polymer sheets,textiles made of powder coated fibers,co-mingled textiles that consist of both reinforcing and polymer fibers and partially or fully consolidated panels( semi-pregs and pre-pregs). These processes mainly focus on the thermoforming properties of resin polymers,and are supplemented by high temperature and high pressure to processing composite materials. Because of the large molecules of resin,it is difficult to flow and to impregnate the fiber,which determines the low performance of the composite from the source. Therefore,the in-situ polymerization manufacturing technology of thermoplastic composites has become the latest hotspot research due to its low cost and high performance.Through the study of resin polymerization process,the influence of main parameters,such as temperature and pressure,in polymerization processes are learned. And it becomes bases of in-situ polymerization manufacturing technology of fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. High quality fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites are prepared by in-situ polymerization around the fibers by using suitable resin and initiation system. The research of anionic polymerization of PA6 start at 1930s,this system requirements a very high level for controlling parameters of reaction conditions and reaction cleanliness. The researches on this problem develop of the earliest sealing mixing equipment,further develop of SRIM( Structural reaction injection molding) and VI( Vacuum infusion) technology. These technologies ensure the clean environment,very fine control on temperature and pressure,satisfies the requirement of the forming of high-performance materials. Furthermore,the manufacturing cycle
作者
龚明
张代军
刘燕峰
张嘉阳
李军
陈祥宝
GONG Ming;ZHANG Daijun;LIU Yanfeng;ZHANG Jiayang;LI Jun;CHEN Xiangbao(AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials,Beijing 100095,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第21期21180-21187,共8页
Materials Reports
关键词
原位聚合
成型技术
热塑性复合材料
纤维增强
in-situ polymerization
manufacturing technology
thermoplastic composites
fiber reinforced
