摘要
压力下“Choking”现象定义为压力条件下习惯的运动执行过程发生衰变的现象。研究旨在了解优秀网球运动员在关键时刻和处理关键球时的心理过程,找出比赛中“Choking”行为发生的原因,并有针对性地提出建议和对策。采用质性研究方法,对我国9名优秀网球运动员进行开放式访谈。研究发现,在网球运动中,优秀网球运动员“Choking”有关的“高压力”情景分别是“半决赛”、“发球局”、“比分领先时”和“赛点”。“Choking”体验有关的心理因素表现在认知方面主要为“想赢怕输”、“思维抑制”、“自我怀疑”特征;情感方面主要为“急躁”、“懊恼”、“焦虑”、“沮丧”特征;意志方面主要为“额外努力”、“盲目坚持”;行为方面主要为“动作失控”、“宣泄行为”和“精力耗竭”。研究针对网球运动员面临的“Choking”压力源及体验讨论了应对策略。
"Choking"phenomenon under pressure is defined as decline of the habitual skill execution under pressure.In order to find out the reasons for“Choking”in tennis players and related interventions,this study is to understand the psychological changes of elite tennis players during the declines with the critical moments and the critical ball of the match.Using the qualitative method,we interviewed 9 elite Chinese tennis players.The findings are that the high-pressure situations related to elite tennis players’"Choking"experience are"semi-final","service-game","score-leading"and"game-point"respectively.Further,psychological factors related to"Choking"experience are mainly"wanting to win with afraid losing","inhibition of thinking"and,"self-doubt"in cognitive,"impatience","frustration","anxiety"and"depression"in emotion,"extra efforts"and"persistence without aims"in volition,and"losing control in movement","cathartic behavior",and"mental exhaustion"in behavior.The discussion about the coping strategies on"Choking"on tennis players is interpreted in this article.
作者
马晓宇
王进
MA Xiao-yu;WANG Jing(Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)
出处
《浙江体育科学》
2020年第6期57-62,99,共7页
Zhejiang Sport Science
