摘要
将产品成本以及市场需求函数中的参数视为不确定变量,研究一个由制造商和零售商组成的两级绿色供应链在不确定环境下的最优产品定价和绿色度水平决策问题。分析制造商和零售商在非合作博弈下的三种均衡模式:制造商与零售商分别占主导地位时的Stackelberg均衡,以及制造商与零售商具有同等权力时的Nash均衡,并利用不确定理论给出各均衡模式下的最优策略。最后,通过数值算例对三种模式下的最优策略进行比较分析,研究表明,考虑市场环境的不确定性可以增加制造商和零售商的利润。对于制造商和零售商来说,其分别主导的Stackelberg均衡是最优的,而对于消费者而言,制造商和零售商具有同等权力时的Nash均衡策略为最优策略。此外,降低绿色产品投资系数的不确定性程度也可以提高制造商和零售商的利润。
With the introduction of a low-carbon economy and green GDP,green supply chain management has been received increasingly attention by the scholars and the market administrators in present times.In real world,especially for some new green products,the relevant precise dates are difficult to obtain due to lack of historical data.In this situation,the market base and production cost can usually be predicted by some experts.In this paper,in a two-stage green supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one retailer,the optimal price and greening level decisions in an uncertainty environment is researched,where the costs of the manufacturer and the retailer,and the parameters of the market demand are all regarded as nonnegative and mutually independent uncertain variables.Three non-cooperative games including two Stackelberg games of the manufacturer and the retailer respectively dominating supply chain,and one Vertical-Nash game of the manufacturer and the retailer having the equal market power are analyzed.In the Manufacturer-Stackelberg game,the greening level and the wholesale price are firstly set by the manufacturer,and then the profit margin is decided by the retailer.In the Retailer-Stackelberg game,the profit margin is firstly set by the retailer,and then the greening level and the wholesale price are decided by the manufacturer.In the Vertical-Nash game,the greening level,the wholesale price and the profit margin are set simultaneously and independently.Their optimal solutions are derived by the method of uncertainty theory.Owing to the complicated forms of the solutions,a numerical example is given to compare the optimal solutions under three non-cooperative games.Based on the discussions,four main findings can be obtained.First,the profits of the manufacturer and the retailer are higher than those with crisp parameters.Second,the Manufacturer-Stackelberg game and the Retailer-Stackelberg game are the optimal strategy for the manufacturer and the retailer respectively,while the Vertical-Nash game is the op
作者
桑圣举
张强
SANG Sheng-ju;ZHANG Qiang(School of Business,Heze University,Heze 274015,China;School of Management and Economics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《中国管理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第9期127-136,共10页
Chinese Journal of Management Science
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金资助项目(17YJC630116)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71771025)。
关键词
绿色供应链
绿色度
不确定理论
不确定变量
green supply chain
green level
uncertainty theory
uncertain variables