摘要
通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书等古代资料,结合现代文献资料,对细辛药材的名称、基原、产地、采收加工、炮制、毒性与剂量进行系统梳理与考证,为包含该类药材的经典名方的开发提供依据。宋代之前细辛主流基原为华细辛Asarum sieboldii Miq.,因历代推崇华阴为道地而得名;自明代以来,产自辽东一带的辽细辛Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var.mandshuricum(Maxim.)Kitag.成为商品主流,被认为品质亦佳并延续至今,华细辛产量则逐渐下降,目前已无商品。宋代之前文献记载细辛无毒,南宋陈承提出细辛有麻痹呼吸的作用,因而规定单用粉末服用时剂量不可超过半钱匕,后在此基础上演变成“细辛不过钱”的说法。经考证认为,细辛单用粉末时需严格控制剂量,入汤剂则剂量限制放宽,但需久煎保证其安全性。结合当代生产实际,建议经典名方中细辛药材选用辽细辛A.heterotropoides var.mandshuricum为基原,加工与炮制可遵循《中华人民共和国药典》相关规定,其剂型与剂量当遵循原著。
Through consulting the ancient Chinese herbs and medical books,combining with modern literature,this study made a textual research on the name,origin,producing areas,harvesting time,processing methods,toxicity and dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma,which provided a basis for the development of the classic prescriptions containing it.Before the Song Dynasty,the main base of Asari Radix et Rhizoma was Asarum sieboldii Miq.,which got its name because it was produced in Huayin;Since the Ming Dynasty,Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var.mandshuricum(Maxim.)Kitag.produced in the east of Liaoning province has become the mainstream of commodities.It is believed that its quality was also good and continued to this day,while Asari Radix et Rhizoma production was gradually declining,and there is no commodity at present.Before the Song Dynasty,it was recorded that Asari Radix et Rhizoma was non-toxic.In the Southern Song Dynasty,Chen Cheng suggested that Asari Radix et Rhizoma had the effect of paralyzing breath.Therefore,it was stipulated that the dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma alone should not be more than“half Qianbi”when using powder.After that,the connotation was misunderstood and the dose of Asari Radix et Rhizoma was wrongly inherited.It was concluded that the dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma powder alone should not exceed 3 g,the dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in the decoction can be increased properly,but it needs to be decocted for a long time to ensure its safety.Therefore,combined with actual production experiences,it is recommended to use A.heterotropoides var.mandshuricum as the basis for the herbal medicine of Asari Radix et Rhizoma involved in the classic prescriptions,the processing method should follow the provisions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition,and the dosage form and dosage should follow the original records.
作者
赵佳琛
王艺涵
翁倩倩
金艳
张卫
彭华胜
李兵
蔡秋杰
杨洪军
张华敏
詹志来
ZHAO Jia-chen;WANG Yi-han;WENG Qian-qian;JIN Yan;ZHANG Wei;PENG Hua-sheng;LI Bing;CAI Qiu-jie;YANG Hong-jun;ZHANG Hua-min;ZHAN Zhi-lai(National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Academician Workstation of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China;Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)
出处
《中国现代中药》
CAS
2020年第8期1303-1319,1330,共18页
Modern Chinese Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401,2017YFC1700805)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
中国中医科学院基本科研业务费(ZZ13-YQ-091)。
关键词
经典名方
细辛
剂量
本草考证
classical prescriptions
Asari Radix et Rhizoma
dosage
textual research on materia medica
