摘要
在环境保护事务中,“搭便车”是行为主体的常见选择,因为环境保护事务存在支持理性经济人“搭便车”的条件。地方环境执法者也会受经济人理性的驱使,从而寻求以最小付出获取环境保护收益,不愿意为实现多主体共享的环境利益而付出,存在多个责任主体时,等待其他责任主体成为付出者。地方政府之所以倾向于选择“搭便车”策略,是因为存在跨行政区的环境保护事务,存在环境保护事务和环境保护责任主体之间“一与多”的关系。防治责任主体“搭便车”的有效办法,是利用处在同一空间环境单元中不同行政区之间的共生关系,建立“多”行政区对“一”空间环境单元环境保护的责任共担机制,利用不同行政区之间存在着环境利益消费的竞争关系,建立制衡机制来代替现行法律中上级对下级的监督机制。地方政府环境保护责任共担机制须具备以下要素:对环境保护责任共担的立法宣告,环境保护责任共担机制的组织形式、决策制度和保障制度。
“Free-riding”is the universal choice of behavior subject in environmental protection affairs,because environmental protection affairs have the conditions to support rational economic entity's“free-riding”.Local environmental law enforcers will also be driven by economic entity's rationality and seek to obtain environmental protection“benefits”with minimum“payments”,being unwilling to pay for the realization of environmental benefits shared by multiple entities.While there are multiple responsible subjects,some rational enforcers will wait for other responsible subjects to be victims.The reason why local governments tend to choose the“free-riding”strategy is that there are cross administrative environmental protection issues,and there is a“one and many”relationship between environmental protection affairs and environmental protection responsibility subjects.An effective way to cure the“free-riding”problem of the responsible subject is to use the competitive relationship between different administrative regions in the same space environmental unit to establish the responsibility sharing mechanism of“multiple”administrative regions for environmental protection of“one”space environment unit.Instead of the supervision mechanism of the superior to the subordinate in the current law,the check and balance mechanism of different administrative intervals with competition relationship in the environmental interest community will be used.The environmental responsibility sharing mechanism of the government shall have the following elements:the legislative declaration of environmental responsibility sharing,the organizational form,decision-making system and guarantee system of environmental responsibility sharing mechanism.
作者
李嵩誉
LI Song-yu(School of Civil,Commercial and Economic Law,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期123-135,共13页
Modern Law Science
基金
司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“绿色发展理念下的农地经营权流转规制研究”(17SFB2041)
国家社科基金重点项目“南水北调工程生态系统保护法律制度创新研究”(18AFX022)。
关键词
“搭便车”
环境保护责任
责任共担
空间环境单元
“free-riding”
environmental responsibility
shared responsibility
space environmental unit
