摘要
目的了解北京市石景山区中小学生营养知识状况,为今后开展学生营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法根据午餐供餐模式是学校食堂还是企业送餐,从每种供餐模式中各抽取1所小学和1所初中。共873名学生参加问卷调查,回收有效问卷852份。结果学生各项营养知识知晓率为3.0%~90.8%,尤其是铁相关营养知识知晓率最低。"日常饮食应该以哪种食物为主"是单选题中知晓率最低的一项,仅为21.4%。小学生对"多吃油炸食品对身体的影响"知晓率最高,为90.8%,小学五年级学生对"蛋白质含量最丰富的食物"和"最能预防缺铁性贫血的饮食方式"知晓率分别为80.9%和34.4%。对初中学生增设了"哪种食物是补铁较好的食物"、"儿童缺铁会出现的症状"和"大量喝含糖饮料可能引起的疾病"3道多选题,回答全部正确的学生分别仅占6.4%、3.0%和55.8%。石景山区中小学生获取营养知识途径前四位分别为父母或家人(68.7%),校园宣传或课堂教学(54.3%),课本(54.2%)和电视、广播(51.6%)。结论石景山区中小学生整体营养知识水平较低,应利用各方资源全面深入开展有针对性的营养宣教工作,以提高学生的营养知识水平。
Objective To understand the nutritional knowledge among primary and middle school students in Shijingshan district of Beijing to provide the scientific basis for future nutrition improvements in students.Methods Based on whether the lunch was supplied from school canteen or from meal delivery enterprise,one primary and one middle school from each feeding mode were selected.873 students were collected to have a questionnaire investigation,and finally collected 852 questionnaires for analysis.Results The awareness rates of nutritional knowledge ranged from 3.0% to 90.8%.Among them,the awareness rate of nutritional knowledge on iron was lowest.The lowest awareness rate among one-choice questions was"What kind of food should be the main food in our diet",with only 21.4%.Among primary school students,the awareness rate of"The impact of eating more fried food on the body"was the highest(90.8%).The awareness rates of "The food with the most protein"and"The most effective type of diet to prevent iron deficiency anemia"among fifth graders were 80.9% and 34.4%,respectively.Among middle school students,only 6.4%、3.0% and 55.8% students knew the answers for"Which kind of food is better for supplementing iron","The symptoms of iron deficiency in children"and "The diseases that may be caused by drinking lots of sugared beverages".The top four sources of nutritional knowledge were parents or family members(68.7%),campus publicity or classroom teaching(54.3%),textbook(54.2%) and television or broadcast(51.6%).Conclusions The primary and middle school students in Shijingshan district are lack of nutritional knowledge as a whole.It is urgent to give targeted nutrition education comprehensively and deeply to help the students improve their nutritional knowledge.
作者
徐得月
云水英
王明良
王玮
闫云峥
邰剑敏
杨博
赵晓艳
邢玉鹏
翟萌萌
XU De-yue;YUN Shui-ying;WANG Ming-liang;WANG Wei;YAN Yun-zheng;TAI Jian-min;YANG Bo;ZHAO Xiao-yan;XING Yu-peng;ZHAI Meng-meng(Shijingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100043,China)
出处
《首都公共卫生》
2020年第4期205-208,共4页
Capital Journal of Public Health
关键词
营养知识
知晓率
中小学生
Nutritional knowledge
Awareness rate
Primary and middle school students
