摘要
语言是人类交往和交流的媒介。通过语言,人类不仅区分族群,形成族群的共同标识,维系族群的共同价值;而且人类还可通过语言与其他族群进行交流,增进相互间的沟通、理解、信任与合作,从而产生人类交往的社会价值和经济价值等。本文基于“中国城市少数民族社会经济发展综合调查”数据,采用明瑟方程对我国城市少数民族汉语能力的收入效应进行分析。结果显示,我国城市少数民族汉语综合能力存在显著的收入效应,即汉语综合能力每提高一个等级,城市少数民族家庭人均年收入将增加7.5%,家庭等价规模收入增加6.26%,且这种效应在民族地区能得到稳健和一致的验证。另外,汉语能力的分位数回归结果说明,汉语综合能力对城市少数民族低收入家庭人均年收入和家庭等价规模收入的边际贡献更大,低收入家庭几乎是高收入家庭的1倍左右。此外,在城市低收入家庭中,教育、政治面貌和社会关系的收入效应边际贡献均要大于高收入家庭。因此,采取各种措施提高少数民族的汉语综合能力,这对提高我国城市少数民族低收入家庭的人均年收入和家庭等价规模收入均具有重要政策启示。
Language is the medium of human communication.Through language,human beings can not only differentiate their ethnicity,form a common ethnic marker,and maintain their common values,but they can also communicate with other ethnic groups,enhance mutual communication,understanding,trust and cooperation,thereby generating social and economic values of human communication.The key tasks of the Ministry of Education in 2019 clearly pointed out that we should strengthen the popularization of the national common language and script and the scientific protection of language resources;build people s identity with the national common language and scrip,and cultivate a sense of community of the Chinese nation through the popularization of the common language and scrip(Key Tasks,2019).More than that,a lot of research has shown that language skills themselves are an important human capital(Chiswick and Miller,2007).Language as an important form of expression of culture,is also the third largest force for driving economic growth(Aghion&Howitt,2009).This is because individuals with language skills have better job opportunities(Gao and Smyth,2011),can expand their social networks(Wang et al.,2016),and improve their work efficiency(Stohr,2015;Chiswick and Miller,2014).Therefore,language ability has a great impact on the absolute value and relative rank of the income of workers(Lu Ming and Zhang Shuang,2007;Gao&Long,2014)At present,some achievements have been made in the research of linguistic economics in China.However,all these studies are mostly based on a broadly sampled microscopic survey database to analyze the effect the laborers language ability has on income.Few of them took the ethnic minority labor force as the target when analyzing the effect of language on income,and there is not even a specific study on the effect of Chinese language ability on the income of ethnic minorities in cities.Language is very important for urban ethnic minorities to integrate into the city and adapt to urban life.In particular,the ability to s
作者
姜太碧
刘嘉鑫
Jiang Taibi;Liu Jiaxin(School of Economics,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期7-18,129-130,共14页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
西南民族大学2019年校级教育教学研究与改革一般项目“民族高校经济学类专业高素质专门人才培养模式与实践创新研究”阶段性成果。
关键词
城市少数民族
汉语综合能力
人力资本
收入效应
urban minority
comprehensive Chinese language ability
human capital
the effect on income
