摘要
本研究旨在评鉴花生落荚、裂荚和裂仁特性,筛选优异种质材料,为培育适应机械化收获和加工的新品种提供育种亲本。本研究以720份来自世界各地的花生种质资源为材料,通过数值化精准评鉴落荚力(142份材料)、裂荚力和裂仁力(578份材料)特性,并将落荚特性分解为植株与果柄着生点和果柄与荚果着生点,分别测量2个着生点脱落力;同时,将裂荚和裂仁特性分解为横压力、竖压力和侧压力。落荚力测量结果显示植株–果柄脱落力(51.13 lb)显著大于果柄–荚果脱落力(22.28 lb);植株–果柄脱落力的变幅也更大,在13.5~98.1 lb之间,而果柄–荚果脱落力的变幅在5.5~54.4 lb之间。裂荚力测量结果显示,各方向的裂荚力差异显著。其中,侧压裂荚力最大,平均值为10.76 lb;其次是竖压裂荚力,平均值为8.04 lb;横压裂荚力最小,平均值为7.47 lb。从材料特性看,选育品种的裂荚力显著大于地方品种;从材料地理来源看,我国南方产区花生品种裂荚力显著大于北方品种。裂仁力测量结果显示,侧压裂仁力最大,达到12.59 lb;而竖压裂仁力最小,为8.48 lb;从材料特性看,选育品种的裂仁力均显著大于地方品种;除侧压裂仁力外,不同地理来源的品种裂仁力差异不显著。相关分析表明花生荚果和种仁破裂力分别来源于横向挤压(r=0.82,P<0.01)和竖向挤压(r=0.97,P<0.01)。本研究分别筛选了17份和25份具有优良落荚特性和裂荚裂仁特性的花生种质资源。本研究从花生荚果生物学特征的角度,为花生收获机械和脱壳机械的设计提供良好的理论参考;为后续培育适应机械化收获和脱壳的花生新品种提供优异的育种材料基础。
The traits of pod abscission,dehiscence and kernel cracking directly affect the mechanized harvest and processing in peanut. Here,a total of 720 germplasms from all over the world were used to evaluate pod abscission(plant-petiole and petiole-pod bearing points),pod dehiscence and kernel cracking with a numerical method. Both pod dehiscence and kernel cracking were evaluated from three different directions(horizontal,vertical and side). In pod abscission,the plant-petiole dropping force(51.13 lb)was significantly higher than that of the petiole-pod(22.28 lb),with the variations of 13.5 to 98.1 lb and 5.5 to 54.4 lb,respectively. The significant differences on pod dehiscence were detected among three directions. Of these,the side fracturing pod force is the largest,with an average of 10.76 lb,the vertical fracturing pod force is the second(8.04 lb),and the horizontal fracturing pod force is the smallest(7.47 lb). The force of pod abscission was significantly greater in breeding lines if compared to that of landraces,and this case was observed again in germplasms in South China to North China. The side force of kernel cracking was up to 12.59 lb,while the vertical pressure was lower to 8.48 lb. A higher value of kernel cracking was observed in breeding lines to landraces,but the trait of germplasms from different geographical showed no detectable difference,except for the side fracturing seed force. The cracking force of pods and seeds was from horizontal(r=0.82,P < 0.01)and vertical extrusions(r=0.97,P<0.01),respectively. Finally,a total of 17 germplasms with excellent pod abscission,and 25 germplasms with fine dehiscence and kernel cracking characteristics were obtained. This work becomes helpful in design of harvesting and shelling machineries,and provides elite lines in breeding for new peanut varieties.
作者
鲁清
梁炫强
陈小平
李少雄
刘浩
周桂元
刘海燕
李海芬
洪彦彬
LU Qing;LIANG Xuan-qiang;CHEN Xiao-ping;LI Shao-xiong;LIU Hao;ZHOU Gui-yuan;LIU Hai-yan;LI Hai-fen;HONG Yan-bin(Crops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Guangzhou 510640)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期1102-1111,共10页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31771841,31801401)
国家花生产业技术体系(CARS–13)
广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室开放基金(2017B030314090)
广州市科技计划项目(201904010190)
广东省农业科学院学科团队建设项目(201609)
科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)(R2018PY–JX001,R2019PY–QF006)。
关键词
花生
落荚
裂荚
裂仁
机械化收获
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)
pod abscission
pod dehiscence
kernel cracking
mechanized harvest
