摘要
【目的】采用基于产量反应和农学效率的冬小麦养分专家系统的推荐施肥方法(Nutrient Expert for wheat,NE),在长江流域开展田间试验,并通过与该地农民习惯施肥方法的比较,确定该系统在长江流域冬小麦应用的可行性。【方法】2019年于长江流域的四川、云南、安徽、湖北、江苏和浙江6省共布置了50个冬小麦田间试验,每个试验包括5个处理:小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥处理(NE)、农民习惯施肥处理(FP),以及基于NE处理的不施氮、不施磷和不施钾肥处理,从产量、经济效益、肥料利用率、氮损失和温室气体排放5个方面,比较了NE与FP的差异。【结果】与FP处理相比,NE处理显著降低了N、P2O5和K2O施用量57、10和8 kg/hm^2(P<0.001),降幅分别达到了26.6%、13.3%和12.9%;小麦产量明显提高(P<0.001),平均增产365kg/hm^2,增幅为7.9%;显著降低了肥料成本(P<0.001),平均减少了429元/hm2,降幅为20.9%;显著提高了经济效益,平均增加了1446元/hm2,增幅为17.7%,且所有增加经济效益中有55.5%来自于产量的增加(P<0.001)。NE处理显著提高了长江流域冬小麦的肥料利用效率(P<0.001),与FP处理相比,氮、磷和钾农学效率分别提高了6.5、8.3和8.6 kg/kg,增幅分别为67.7%、143.1%和159.3%;氮、磷和钾偏生产力分别增加了10.9、17.9和24.8 kg/kg,增幅分别为49.1%、28.8%和34.4%;氮、磷和钾回收率分别增加了15.3、11.9和27.2个百分点,增幅分别为52.9%、132.2%和87.7%。NE处理较FP处理显著增加了地上部氮素吸收量(P<0.001),且显著减少了氮素损失(P<0.001),地上部氮素吸收量平均增加了3.0 kg/hm^2,增幅为2.5%;活性氮损失强度平均减少N 4.0 kg/t,降幅为37.7%;N2O总排放量平均减少了0.7 kg/hm^2,降幅为28.0%;温室气体排放强度平均减少CO2 eq 308.4 kg/t,降幅为36.5%。【结论】在长江流域冬小麦生产中,采用基于小麦产量反应和农学效率的NE推荐施肥方法,可较农民习惯施肥(
【Objectives】In the Yangtze River Valley,winter wheat field experiments were conducted with the NPK application rate recommended by the Nutrient Expert for Winter Wheat(NE),which was based on yield response and agronomic efficiency for wheat in the Yangtze River Valley,to evaluate the effect of the NE on winter wheat in the Yangtze River Valley.【Methods】In 2019,50 on-farm experiments were conducted in Sichuan,Yunnan,Anhui,Hubei,Jiangsu and Zhejiang,China.Each experiment included five treatments:nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium fertilizer input calculated using Nutrient Expert for Winter Wheat(NE),farmers’practices(FP),and N omission,P omission or K omission treatments based on the NE treatment.The difference between NE and FP was compared in terms of yield,economic benefit,fertilizer use efficiency,nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions.【Results】Compared with FP treatment,NE treatment significantly reduced the application rates of N,P and K fertilizers(P<0.001),with decrement by 57,10 and 8 kg/hm^2,or by about 26.6%,13.3%and 12.9%.The wheat yield was significantly increased by 365 kg/hm2 or by 7.9%in average(P<0.001).The fertilizer cost was significantly reduced by an average of 429 yuan/hm^2,or by 20.9%(P<0.001).The economic benefit was significantly increased by an average of 1446 yuan/hm^2,or by 17.7%,in which 55.5%of all the increased economic benefit was from the increase in yield(P<0.001).NE treatment significantly improved the fertilizer use efficiency of winter wheat in the Yangtze River Valley(P<0.001).Compared with FP treatment,the agronomic efficiency(AE)of N,P and K were increased by 6.5,8.3 and 8.6 kg/kg,or by 67.7%,143.1%and 159.3%.The partial factor productivity(PFP)were increased by 10.9,17.9 and 24.8 kg/kg,or by49.1%,28.8%and 34.4%.The recovery efficiency(RE)of N,P and K were increased by 15.3,11.9 and 27.2 percentage points,or by 52.9%,132.2%and 87.7%,respectively.NE treatment significantly increased N uptake in aboveground part(P<0.001)and significantly decreased N loss(P<0.0
作者
黄晓萌
徐新朋
王秀斌
杨兰芳
何萍
仇少君
赵士诚
周卫
HUANG Xiao-meng;XU Xin-peng;WANG Xiu-bin;YANG Lan-fang;HE Ping;QIU Shao-jun;ZHAO Shi-cheng;ZHOU Wei(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science,Hubei University,Wuhan,Hubei 430062,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期1430-1439,共10页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200502和2016YFD0200101)
国家自然科学基金项目(31801938)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132019047)。
关键词
冬小麦
养分专家系统
产量反应
农学效率
肥料利用率
温室气体排放
winter wheat
Nutrient Expert system
yield response
agronomic efficiency
fertilizer using efficiency
greenhouse gas emission
