摘要
现有关于碳减排的文献主要关注政府自上而下的正式环境规制,然而忽视了以环保非政府组织为代表的非正式环境规制的作用。基于2003—2016年中国285个城市的面板数据,本文以“公众环境研究中心”对部分城市进行污染源监管信息公开为一次准自然实验,依托温室气体和大气污染物的协同控制理论,使用渐进性的双重差分法估计环境信息公开对碳排放的影响,以考察非正式环境规制的碳排放效应。研究结果表明,环境信息公开有助于降低碳排放水平,不仅验证了温室气体和大气污染物的协同控制策略,也彰显了非正式环境规制的碳减排作用。经过共同趋势、安慰剂、工具变量等一系列稳健性检验后,上述结论依然成立。同时,环境信息公开对碳排放的影响存在异质性,碳减排效应在东部城市、西部城市、环保城市以及高经济发展水平城市、高人力资本水平城市的样本中更加显著。机制分析表明,环境信息公开通过缩小规模效应、优化结构效应和提升技术效应等渠道降低了碳排放水平。本文的研究结论为多元碳排放治理体系提供了实证证据,论证了非正式环境规制在碳减排中的重要性。
The existing literature,relating to carbon emission reduction,mainly focuses on top-down formal environmental regulation,but ignores the role of informal environmental regulation represented by environmental non-governmental organizations(ENGOs).Using a panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2016,this paper uses the difference-in-differences(DID)model to examine the impact of informal environmental regulation on carbon emissions.Meanwhile,the analysis relies on the multi-pollutant control strategy of greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants,and employs a quasi-natural experiment of the disclosure of pollution source monitoring information in some cities released by the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs(IPE).The empirical results show that environmental information disclosure is conducive to reducing carbon emissions.This not only validates the multi-pollutant control strategy of greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants,but also highlights the role of informal environmental regulation in reducing carbon emissions.After a series of robustness tests such as the common trends test,the instrumental variables test and the placebo test,this conclusion is still valid.Moreover,the impact of environmental information disclosure on carbon emissions is heterogeneous.Specifically,the carbon emission reduction effect is more significant in the samples of eastern cities,western cities,environment protection cities,cities with high economic development and cities with high human capital.In addition,the mechanism analysis shows that environmental information disclosure reduces carbon emissions by reducing scale effect,optimizing structure effect and enhancing technology effect.The conclusions not only provide empirical evidence for the multi-carbon-emissions governance system,but also demonstrate the importance of informal environmental regulation in carbon emissions reduction.
作者
张华
冯烽
ZHANG Hua;FENG Feng(Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing 211815;Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732)
出处
《经济与管理研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第8期62-80,共19页
Research on Economics and Management
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“中国式分权下绿色悖论的形成机理、效应评估与疏解路径研究”(71703073)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目“环境分权下环境规制的碳排放效应评估与减排政策研究”(2017M610218)
江苏省社会科学基金项目“环境规制视角下江苏碳排放的长效治理机制研究”(16GLC005)。
关键词
非正式环境规制
碳排放
环境信息公开
协同控制
双重差分法
informal environmental regulation
carbon emission
environmental information disclosure
multi-pollutant control strategy
difference-in-differences
