摘要
目的明确自由场环境爆炸后颅骨对冲击波的阻挡效应,以及颅内外冲击波压力之间是否存在量化关系。方法选取18只成年比格犬,采用自由场爆炸模型,分别采用1 kg和3.5 kg三硝基甲苯(TNT)装药,在距地面1.5 m的高度进行爆破。分别在距离爆源1~6 m的范围内布置环境压力测点,并与比格犬头部相对于爆源的距离及高度相当。比格犬麻醉后,顶骨开颅放入压力传感器,一侧颅内压力传感器的孔朝向并紧贴脑组织,测量来自脑组织的压力;另一侧传感器的孔朝向颅骨,测量来自颅骨方向的压力。比格犬均为卧姿固定,头部正对爆源。结果18只比格犬死亡1只,其余比格犬均存活,24 h后Tarlov评分均为优良,大动物神经功能评分均能独立生存。测得外部冲击波压力峰值达207(47.6~207)kPa,平均122 kPa,最大冲击波压力冲量达到88 Pa·s。比格犬颅内来自颅骨方向的压力测量曲线与脑组织压力测量曲线走势接近,但来自脑组织方向的压力曲线变化更平缓。来自颅骨方向的冲击波压力峰值与同位置的外界冲击波呈对数变化趋势(相关系数=0.804)。结论自由场环境爆炸后,冲击波能通过颅骨及胸腹途径进入颅内。颅骨对冲击波有一定的阻挡作用,部分冲击波压力能通过胸腹上传至脑组织,但由于机体组织的阻挡,变化曲线比较平缓。
Objective To investigate the effect of Beagle's cranium on shockwave blocking after free field explosion,and whether a quantitative relationship exists between intra-and extracranial pressure.Methods Eighteen Beagle dogs were used in the free field explosion experiment.The explosion source was 1 kg and 3.5 kg column-shaped trinitrotoluene(TNT),which was located 1.5 m above the land to rule out the possibility of reflex.Measurment instruments were located 1-6 m from the explosion source.Head of Beagle dog was located at the same location as that of measurment instruments.After Beagle dog was anaesthetised,pressure sensor was planted under parietal bone.One side of the sensor borehole faced to the brain tissue,and the other side of the sensor borehole faced to the cranium to measure the pressure from the skull direction.All Beagle dogs were recumbent fixed,the head was positively faced to the source of explosion.Pressures from the bone and from the brain tissue were measured respectively.Results One dog died after the explosion and the remaining 17 dogs were alive.Twenty-four hours later,Tarlov scores of the alive dogs were graded 4-5,and neurofunctional score in large animals was more than 13.The peak explosive wave pressure was 207(47.6-207)kPa with a mean of 122 kPa.The maximal impact pressure impulse reached to 88 Pa·s.The pressure curve from the cranium direction of Beagle dog was similar to that from the brain tissue,but the pressure curve from the brain tissue direction changed more gently.A logarithmic trend existed of the peak pressure of the shockwave from the cranium direction and the external shockwave at the same position(correlation coefficient=0.804).Conclusions In free field explosion,shockwave can enter the brain through cranium,chest and abdomen.The cranium has some blocking effect on the shockwave,and partial shockwave pressure can be uploaded to the brain tissue through the chest and abdomen,but because of the blocking of the body tissue,the change curve is relatively smooth.
作者
程岗
李彦腾
魏铂沅
王淑为
刘帅
刘邦鑫
刘亚楠
张剑宁
Cheng Gang;Li Yan-Teng;Wei Bo-Yuan;Wang Shu-Wei;Liu Shuai;Liu Bang-Xin;Liu Ya-Nan;Zhang Jian-Ning(Department of Neurosurgery,the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100048,China;Department of Neurosurgery,General Hospital of Central Theater Command,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《解放军医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期720-724,共5页
Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army
基金
全军后勤科研重大项目(AHJ14J001)。
关键词
自由场
TNT
冲击波
颅骨
脑组织
free field
TNT
explosive wave
cranium
brain tissue
