摘要
在高大平房仓采用硫酰氟20 g/m3的剂量对仓温27~30℃、中部上层粮温26~28℃、中部中下层粮温16~19℃、东北部上中下层粮温26~29℃的8000 t小麦粮堆利用环流系统施药口和粮面多点施药并环流,测定粮面、粮面下1.5和4.5 m深处的硫酰氟浓度,以及对室内培养的锈赤扁谷盗成虫、蛹、幼虫、卵和粮堆中采集的锈赤扁谷盗成虫的致死效果。在环流条件下粮面和粮堆下4.5 m深处在施药完毕硫酰氟浓度即达到或接近峰值,粮堆下1.5 m深处浓度较低。熏蒸3至12 h时各部位层点浓度均在20 g/m3以上,分布较为均匀。12 h时,粮堆中硫酰氟浓度总体较高,此时间后随时间延长浓度下降趋势明显。在24 h时停止环流后,各检测点硫酰氟浓度下降较快,粮温较高的东北角部位检测点浓度下降速率大于粮温较低的粮堆中部的浓度下降速率,粮温高的部位硫酰氟浓度下降比粮温低的部位明显较快。粮堆中硫酰氟浓度在降到2 g/m3(约13 d)以后衰减速率变小,从2 g/m3衰减至0 g/m3的时间约10 d。粮面硫酰氟浓度27~24 g/m3熏蒸3 h可完全杀死锈赤扁谷盗成虫和幼虫,浓度27~22 g/m3经6 h可完全杀死锈赤扁谷盗蛹,27~19 g/m3经24 h可完全杀死锈赤扁谷盗的卵。锈赤扁谷盗各虫态对硫酰氟的耐受力大小为:卵>蛹>成虫≈幼虫。在粮堆表层和周边粮温26~29℃、内部粮温16~19℃的粮堆中,锈赤扁谷盗4个虫态经硫酰氟浓度24 g/m3上下开始到23 d后的0 g/m3的过程均可全部被杀死。
A fumigation with dosage of 20 g/m3 sulfuryl fluoride was carried out in a warehouse stored 8000 t of wheat and equipped with recirculation system,in which the temperature was 27~30℃for head space,26~28℃for top layer of the bulk,16~19℃for middle and bottom layers of central bulk and 26~29℃for surrounded bulk grain in the warehouse.The fumigant was applied in five points on the bulk surface and through the ventilation ducts under bottom of the bulk by a pipe connection while the recirculation running.The concentrations of sulfuryl fluoride in bulk surface,1.5 m and 4.5 m depth under grain surface were all monitored during the process.The killing effect on Cryptolestes ferrugineus(Stephens)was also examined for the adults,pupae,larvae,and eggs of lab cultured strain and adults of field strain.The peak concentration was monitored on surface of the bulk and in the depth of 4.5 m of that,the concentration was lower in the depth of 1.5 m of the bulk,just after fumigant applied and while recirculation running.During exposure of 3 to 12 h,the sulfuryl fluoride concentration was above 20 g/m3 and distributed uniformly.The concentration of sulfuryl fluoride in the grain pile was generally higher,and the concentration decreased obviously with the time after 12 h.Sulfuryl fluoride concentration descended more quickly after 24 h when recirculation stopped and descended rate of sulfuryl fluoride concentration in higher temperature part of grain located in surround bulk was bigger than that in lower temperature part located in central bulk.When the concentration of sulfuryl fluoride in the grain pile decreased to 2 g/m3(about 13 d),the decay rate decreased,and the time from 2 g/m3 to 0 g/m3 was about 10 days.During the fumigation that sulfuryl fluoride concentration changed in range of 27~24 g/m3,adults and larvae can be killed completely in 3 h exposure.Pupae can be given 100%mortality in 6 h when exposure under 27~22 g/m3 of the fumigation.The full mortality for eggs needed 24 h in 27~19 g/m3 of sulfuryl fluoride conc
作者
谢少秋
王殿轩
韩伟
黄依林
赵欣欣
董鹏
王跃进
唐培安
XIE Shao-qiu;WANG Dian-xuan;HAN Wei;HUANG Yi-lin;ZHAO Xin-xin;DONG Peng;WANG Yao-jin;TANG Pei-an(State Grain Reserves Jinan Depot LTD Company,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China;School of Food Science and Technology Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Security of Ministry of Education,Grain Storage and Logistics National Engineering Laboratory,School of Food Science and Technology,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001,China;Longkou City Chemical Pant,Yantai,Shandong 265709,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Grain Circulation and Safety,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China)
出处
《粮油食品科技》
2020年第5期89-95,共7页
Science and Technology of Cereals,Oils and Foods
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1600804)。
关键词
小麦堆
多点施药
环流熏蒸
硫酰氟浓度
锈赤扁谷盗
致死效果
wheat bulk
fumigant application in several points
recirculation
sulfuryl fluoride concentration
Cryptolestes ferrugineus
killing effect
