摘要
【目的】作为甘蓝型油菜的祖先种之一,白菜型油菜具有遗传多样性丰富、耐干旱、耐土壤瘠薄等优良特性。分析白菜型油菜的抗旱性,并以六倍体为桥梁,创造导入白菜型油菜优良抗旱性的新型甘蓝型油菜。【方法】以甘蓝型油菜和甘蓝为亲本,经杂交、胚挽救、染色体加倍,获得六倍体材料(A^nA^nC^nC^nC^oC^o)。以六倍体(A^nA^nC^nC^nC^oC^o)与白菜型油菜(ArAr)为亲本,杂交获得新型甘蓝型油菜(A^nA^rC^nC^o);以PEG-6000溶液于萌发期模拟干旱处理新型甘蓝型油菜、白菜型油菜,测算种子萌发抗旱指数、相对萌发率、相对萌发势、相对根长和相对胚轴长,评价其抗旱性,并运用隶属函数法对抗旱性鉴定指标进行分析,筛选具有优良抗旱性的新型甘蓝型油菜。【结果】以11份六倍体材料和68份白菜型油菜为亲本,创建了124份新型甘蓝型油菜。新型甘蓝型油菜苗期表型介于六倍体和白菜型油菜之间。所选六倍体材料的染色体数目为56条,花粉育性约90%,合成的新型甘蓝型油菜的染色体数目为38条,花粉育性约80%。选取59份长势优良的新型甘蓝型油菜、7份六倍体材料、10份白菜型油菜以及20份自然甘蓝型油菜,进行主成分分析,四类材料分成三类,即六倍体材料、自然甘蓝型油菜和新型甘蓝型油菜、白菜型油菜,但自然甘蓝型油菜和新型甘蓝型油菜明显分开。以PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱,测定抗旱性指标,确定了用于白菜型油菜和新型甘蓝型油菜模拟干旱处理的PEG-6000溶液浓度,分别为200和250 g·L^-1。从59份新型甘蓝型油菜中选取9份进行抗旱性鉴定,发现其中有3份新型甘蓝型油菜的抗旱性优于对照甘蓝型油菜中双11号,而且这三份新型甘蓝型油菜的抗旱性与各自的父本白菜型油菜的抗旱性呈正相关性。【结论】以具备优良抗旱性的白菜型油菜为亲本,以六倍体材料为桥梁,可创制具备优良抗旱�
【Objective】As one parent of Brassica napus,B.rapa has a wide range of variation,as well as excellent performance against drought or poor soil.Employing hexaploid as a bridge,the drought resistance of B.rapa is transferred to develop a new-type B.napus with excellent drought tolerance.【Method】The hexaploid(A^nA^nC^nC^nC^oC^o)was created via interspecific cross between B.napus(A^nA^nC^nC^n)and B.oleracea(C^oC^o)via embryo rescue and chrosome doubling.Next,a new-type B.napus(A^nA^rC^nC^o)was developed by crossing the hexaploid with B.rapa(ArAr).Under the treatment with PEG-6000 solution to imitate drought stress at germination stage,the indices related to drought resistance were measured in the experimental materials,including natural B.napus,new-type B.napus and B.rapa.All the datum were analyzed with subordinate function method.【Result】Using 11 hexaploid materials and 68 B.rapa materials as parents,124 new-type B.napus lines were created,which showed intermediate morphology between hexaploid and B.rapa.The hexaploid used in the experiment all had 56 chrosomes and the new-type B.napus had 38 chromsomes.The pollen fertility in the hexaploid and the new-type B.napus was approximately 90%and 80%,respectively.Based on the results of principal components analysis and SSR analysis,7 hexaploid,59 new-type B.napus,10 B.rapa and 20 natural B.napus were clustered into three groups,namely B.rapa,hexaploid and B.napus.The new-type B.napus and natural B.napus were in the same group,but they clearly separated each other.Based on the drought resistance-related indices,200 g·L^-1 and 250 g·L^-1 PEG-6000 solution were used to imitate drought stress to B.rapa and new-type B.napus,respectively.Nine new-type B.napus were tested,but only three were more resistant than the control,Zhongshuang 11.Additionally,the resistance were positively associated to the corresponding parent B.rapa,which indicated that the three new-type B.napus have been transfered excellent drought resistance from B.rapa.【Conclusion】Using B.rapa as
作者
万华方
魏帅
冯宇霞
钱伟
WAN HuaFang;WEI Shuai;FENG YuXia;QIAN Wei(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University/Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第16期3225-3234,共10页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0100500)
重庆自然基金重点项目(cstc2019jcyj-zdxm X0012)。
