摘要
整合性神经肌肉训练被认为是一种以提高运动表现和预防运动损伤为目标,包含一般基础功能性动作训练和特定的力量、增强式训练、速度、灵敏、平衡相结合的综合性训练。目前,国际上已经广泛地将该综合性训练方法应用到运动员的竞技能力提升和损伤预防领域。然而,国内还尚未对整合性神经肌肉训练的理论、实证、实践应用展开深入研究。为了更好地适应我国全民健身和竞技体育发展需求,该综述在阐述整合性神经肌肉训练定义、训练原则和框架基础上,综述整合性神经肌肉训练计划在提高人体运动表现和预防下肢损伤研究领域的现状,剖析、厘清其主要生理学机制,探究INT计划对于不同训练水平、年龄、性别人群训练和预防损伤效果。文献综述结果发现INT计划可能更符合运动训练实际训练内容结构特征,避免单一发展,可以较为全面地发展运动员所需要的不同运动素质能力,促进运动表现提升。帮助改善运动员神经肌肉控制能力、优化下肢生物力学效率、纠正动作模式、预防运动损伤,尤其对于女性运动员预防ACL损伤具有重大意义。此外,在青春期前开始旨在增强健康和技能的整合性神经肌肉训练中的各项基本运动训练可能产生更好的效应,如果在整个儿童期和青春期维持该训练,能最大限度地降低运动相关损伤的风险,并将良好训练效果延续到成年时期。
Integrated neuromuscular training is considered to be a comprehensive training that aim to improve athletic performance and prevent sports injuries,including general basic functional exercise training and specific strength,plyometrics,speed,agility,and balance.At present,this comprehensive training has been widely applied in the field of athletes’athletic ability improvement and injury prevention.However,the theory,demonstration and practical application of integrative neuromuscular training have not been thoroughly studied and explored in China.In order to adapt to the development needs of national fitness and competitive sports in our country,this research summarizes the definition of integrative neuromuscular training,training principles and framework,and review the current status of the INT program in the field of improving human performance and preventing lower limb injuries.In addition,it analyzes the main physiological mechanisms and explore the effects of the INT program on training and prevention of injuries in different traiing levels,ages,and genders.The literature review found that the INT program may be more consistent with the characteristics of the actual training content structure of sports training,avoid single development,which can comprehensively develop the different sports quality abilities required by athletes and promote the improvement of sports performance.It is of great significance to help improve athletes’neuromuscular control ability,optimize the biomechanical efficiency of lower limbs,correct movement patterns and prevent sports injuries,especially for female athletes to prevent ACL injuries.In addition,practice basic exercise training in integrated neuromuscular training aimed to enhance health and skills before puberty may have more better effect,if the INT program is maintained throughout childhood and adolescence,it may be possible to maximum reduce the risk of sports related injuries,and it will continue good training effect into adulthood.
作者
彭勇
PENG Yong(School of Sports and Health,Nanjing Institute of Physical Education,Nanjing 210014,Chian)
出处
《南京体育学院学报》
2020年第8期55-68,共14页
Journal of Nanjing Sports Institute
关键词
整合性神经肌肉训练
运动表现
下肢损伤
运动损伤
integrative neuromuscular training
athletic performance
lower limb injury
sports injury
