摘要
中国皮影戏源远流长,至迟产生于唐代。到宋代,已经成了市民较为喜爱的艺术形式。明代的滦州、江浙、山东、陕西、山西、云南等地的皮影艺人结合当地的人文风俗、民间曲调,各自创新,形成了不同于他地的特色。清代时,形成了北方影系、西部影系和中南部影系三大系统。新中国成立后,皮影戏从戏班组织、剧目编创、皮影绘制与表演形式等方面进行系列的改革,发生了很大的变化。改革开放之后,皮影戏不断衰萎,现在因受国家"非遗法"的保护,减缓了衰萎的速度。今日皮影戏分布于20多个省份,约有120个戏班。皮影戏的剧本,有万部之多,其内容来源于小说、神话与传说和戏曲曲艺故事,也有根据古今生活创编的剧目。皮影戏分为折子戏、连本戏、单出戏。皮影戏剧本为代言体和叙事体的结合。其歌唱多而念白少,唱词合辙押韵。每一个地方的皮影戏唱腔与流传于该地域的戏曲声腔有着紧密的关系。
Chinese shadow puppetry has a long history and originated in the Tang Dynasty at the latest.By the Song Dynasty,it had become a popular art form among citizens.In the Ming Dynasty,shadow puppeteers in Luanzhou,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shandong,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Yunnan and other places combined with local humanistic customs and folk tunes to create their own unique features.In the Qing Dynasty,the three major systems of the northern,western and the central and southern shadow systems were formed.After the founding of People’s Republic of China,shadow puppetry has experienced a series of reforms from the aspects of troupe organization,repertory creation,shad⁃ow puppetry drawing and performance forms,etc.,which have undergone great changes.After the Reform and Open⁃ing Up,shadow puppetry has been declining.Now it is under the protection of the National Intangible Cultural Herit⁃age Law,which has slowed down the decline.Today there are about 120 shadow puppetry troupes in more than 20 provinces.There are as many as 10,000 scripts of shadow puppetry,the contents of which are derived from fictions,myths,legends,xiqu and folk art stories,as well as plays created and compiled based on ancient and modern life.Shadow puppetry is divided into selected scenes play,full version play and one act play,and is a combination of first-person narrative style and descriptive style.In shadow puppetry,performers sing more than they say,and sing in rhyme.The singing of shadow puppetry in every place is closely related to the singing of xiqu in this region.
出处
《浙江艺术职业学院学报》
2020年第1期32-45,共14页
Journal of Zhejiang Vocational Academy of Art
基金
国家社科基金艺术学重大招标项目“新中国成立70周年戏曲史·上海卷”(19ZD04)
上海高水平大学建设上海师范大学中国语言文学创新团队阶段性成果。
关键词
皮影戏
历史演变
现存状态
剧目特征
shadow puppetry
historical development
existing state
repertory characteristics
