摘要
【目的】探讨干湿交替灌溉与氮肥形态对水稻光合特性及氮肥利用的影响。【方法】以徐稻3号为材料,在防雨棚内按处理数量构建9 m×1.5 m×0.4 m水泥池,用于2因素3水平完全区组试验。因素1为灌溉方式:浅水层灌溉(0 kPa,CK)、轻度干湿交替灌溉(-20 kPa)、重度干湿交替灌溉(-40 kPa)。因素2为氮素形态:100%NH4+-N(NH)、50%NH4+-N+50%NO3--N(1/2NH+1/2NN)、100%NO3--N(NN)。在水稻分蘖盛期、幼穗分化始期、抽穗期和成熟期取植株样品,测定水稻根系氮代谢酶活性、叶片光合荧光特性及植株各部位氮素含量。【结果】在相同氮肥形态下,轻度干湿交替灌溉根系硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性与浅水对照相比分别增加6.4%80.4%、8.1%85.9%、5.1%61.8%与13.4%94.0%;叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率得到提升;水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率明显提高,重度干湿交替灌溉则抑制根系NR、GS、GOGAT及GDH活性,降低叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率,最终导致水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率显著降低(P<0.05)。在浅水对照下,NH处理可改善根系氮代谢酶活性,提高叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率,有利于水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率的提升。干湿交替灌溉下,铵硝混合处理提高了根系氮代谢酶活性,增加了叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率,提高了水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率。相关分析表明,根系GS、GOGAT及GDH活性及叶片光合速率、最大光化学效率与氮素农学效率呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的正相关关系,而非光化学猝灭系数则与氮肥吸收利用率呈显著的负相关关系(P<0.05)。【结论】水稻生长期一直保持浅水层时,供应100%铵态氮可以充分发挥水肥的耦合效应,促进根系氮代谢酶活性,提高叶片的光合速率及最大光化�
【Objectives】Water and nitrogen supplying has interaction on the rice growth and production efficiency.We studied the appropriate nitrogen supplying forms under different water conditions from the activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes of root and the photosynthetic efficiencies of leaves.【Methods】Cement pits of 9 m×1.5 m×0.4 m were constructed under a rainproof shed,and used for a 2 factor three level of complete plot treatment,using rice cultivar of Xudao3 as the tested materials.The three levels of factor of water consisted of constant shallow water layer throughout rice lifecycle(CK),alternate drying and wetting under light drought(-20 kPa)and heavy drought(-40 kPa).The three nitrogen forms were 100%NH4+-N(NH),50%NH+-N+50%NO3--N(1/2 NH+1/2 NN),100%NO3--N(NN).At the stages of full tellering,initial panicle differentiation,heading and maturing,rice plant samples were collected for the analysis of root assimilation enzyme activities and leaf photosynthetic indexes,and the N contents.【Results】With the same N supplying form,the activities of NR,GS,GOGAT and GDH in roots,the photosynthetic rate and the maximum photochemical efficiency were increased in treatment of light drought,while the lowest results were all observed under the heavy drought treatments,in which the rice could not grow properly at all.Under different watering treatments,the suitable N forms were different.Under CK,100%ammonium supplying treatment achieved the highest activities of GS,GOGAT and GDH in roots,the highest leaf photosynthetic rate and the maximum photochemical efficiency at the main growth stages,which resulted the increased rice yield and photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiencies(PNUE)and nitrogen agronomy efficiency(AEN).Under light drought condition,1/2 NH+1/2 NN treatment achieved the highest enzyme activities,leaf photosynthetic rates and the maximum photochemical efficiencies,and the highest rice yield and N use efficiencies.Correlation analysis indicated that the yields and N efficiencies were positivel
作者
徐国伟
江孟孟
陆大克
赵喜辉
陈明灿
XU Guo-wei;JIANG Meng-meng;LU Da-ke;ZHAO Xi-hui;CHEN Ming-can(Agricultural College,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471003,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Yangzhou University,Jiangsu 225009,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期1239-1250,共12页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U1304316)
江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室开放基金(027388003K11009)
河南省国际合作项目(GH2019024)
河南科技大学学科提升计划A(13660002)。
关键词
水稻
干湿交替灌溉
氮肥形态
氮代谢酶
氮素利用
rice
alternate wetting and drying irrigation
nitrogen forms
nitrogen metabolism enzyme
nitrogen utilization
