摘要
目的了解广州市农村地区环境卫生现状及变化趋势,为政府相关部门制定农村环境卫生政策提供科学依据。方法 2016—2018年,在广州农村地区按照分层随机抽样方法,随机抽取7个区,共105个自然村作为调查点。采用统一的调查问卷,通过查阅资料、访谈、现场观察等方法了解农村环境卫生状况。结果经济来源以种植业(41.90%)为主,3年间经济来源的构成情况不全相同,差异有统计学意义(χ2=40.58,P<0.01);村内道路硬化情况达74.29%;生活垃圾的收集方式是定点堆放(57.14%)和统一收集(42.86%),处理方式以统一转运清理为主(45.72%),3年间生活垃圾的收集和处理方式的构成情况不全相同,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=7.23、20.07,均P<0.05);25.71%的自然村有工业垃圾,43.81%的自然村有养殖业垃圾;生活污水排放方式以管道形式为主(47.62%),排放地点以处理厂为主(41.90%),3年间生活污水排放方式和排放地点的构成情况不全相同,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=21.07、16.44,均P<0.05);22.86%的自然村有工业污水,47.62%的自然村有养殖业污水;开展过灭鼠、灭蝇、灭蚊和灭蟑工作的自然村分别占96.19%、92.38%、98.10%和86.67%。结论广州市农村地区环境卫生状况总体良好,但农村生活污水和养殖业污水的排放管理仍需进一步加强。
Objective To investigate the situation and the change trends of the environmental sanitation in rural areas of Guangzhou City,provide advices and support for the government to establish environmental health policies. Methods A total of105 villages from seven districts in Guangzhou City from 2016 to 2018 were selected by using stratified random sampling method.The data checking,interviews and field observation were used to collect the related data with the uniform questionnaires.Results The main economic source was planting(41.90%),and there was statistically significant difference in composition of economic sources among three years(χ2=40.58,P<0.01). The proportion for road hardening was 74.29%. The collection methods of domestic garbage were fixed-point stacking(57.14%) and unified collection(42.86%),and the mina treatment method was unitary transportation(45.72%). There were statistically significant differences in composition of collection methods and treatment methods of domestic garbage among three years(χ2=7.23,20.07,both P<0.05). 25.71% of villages had the industrial garbage,and 43.81%had breeding garbage. The domestic sewage was mainly discharged by drain pipe(47.62%),and the main discharged place was the disposal plant(41.90%). There were statistically significant differences in composition of discharge mode and place of domestic sewage among three years(χ2=21.07,16.44,both P<0.05). 22.86% of villages had the industrial sewage,and 47.62% had breeding sewage. The controlling work of mouse,flies,mosquitoes and cockroaches have implemented in some villages,accounting for96.19%,92.38%,98.10% and 86.67% respectively. Conclusion The situation of the environmental sanitation in rural areas of Guangzhou City is generally good,while the management on discharged of the domestic sewage and the breeding sewage should be improved.
作者
黎晓彤
钟嶷
王德东
周金华
孙丽丽
LI Xiao-tong;ZHONG Yi;WANG De-dong;ZHOU Jin-hua;SUN Li-li(Department of Environmental Hygiene,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou Guangdong,510440,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2020年第12期1668-1671,1678,共5页
Occupation and Health
基金
2018年广州市科技计划项目(201804010194)。
关键词
农村
环境卫生
调查
Rural areas
Environmental sanitation
Investigation
