摘要
屈原《离骚》第二部分所写的诉舜、谒帝、求女等三事均以失败而告终。这三事都是基于幻想的;幻想高于现实,往往是对现实缺憾的补足。问题是:既然是幻想,屈原为何拒绝“补足”呢?原因有三:客观上,这三事本身都很难成功;主观上,屈原并没有尽力,而是浅尝辄止、遇难即退;逻辑上,这些事也不能成功,因为,历史已经凝固,无法改写。屈原明是求女,隐喻是“后宫路线”,即想求一位能解劝楚王的后妃。三事未遂,说明三个问题:第一,说明屈原并不自信。这主要是受当时楚国朝野上下一边倒地否定他的舆论的影响所致;第二,说明屈原对自己的政治处境有非常清醒和理智的预判:他知道他已经无法翻盘了;第三,屈原的清醒和理智也导致了他在文学上的幻想手法的使用是“有节制”的。也就是说,《离骚》并非迷狂写作或自动写作;相反,屈原作《离骚》时并未丧失理智。由此也可以说:《离骚》是文学自觉的产物。
In the second part of Li Sao written by Qu Yuan,three things,such as Sushun,Paying Homage to Emperor,and Seeking for A Woman,all ended in failure.These three things are all based on fantasy;fantasy is higher than reality,which is often a complement to the reality.The question is:since it is a fantasy,why does Qu Yuan refuse to"make up"?There are three reasons:objectively,these three things are difficult to succeed;subjectively,Qu Yuan didn't try his best,but tried to stop it and retreated when he was in trouble;logically,these things could not succeed because history has solidified and cannot be rewritten.Qu Yuan was seeking for a woman,which is metaphorically referred to as"Hougong Line",that is,he wants to seek a concubine who can persuade the King of Chu.Three things have not been accomplished,which shows three problems:first,Qu Yuan was not confident.This is mainly due to the influence of the public opinion that the state of Chu fell down and denied him at that time;secondly,it shows that Qu Yuan had a very sober and rational prediction of his political situation:he knew that he could not turn the table;thirdly,Qu Yuan's soberness and reason also led to his"moderate"use of fantasy in literature.In other words,Li Sao is not crazy writing or automatic writing;on the contrary,Qu Yuan did not lose his mind when he wrote Li Sao.It can also be said that Li Sao is the product of literary consciousness.
作者
王章才
Wang ZhangCai(Henan University of Finance,Economics and Law,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046)
出处
《职大学报》
2020年第4期6-10,共5页
Journal of the Staff and Worker’s University
关键词
屈原
《离骚》
诉舜、谒帝、求女的失败原因
文学自觉
Qu Yuan
Li Sao
reasons for the failure of Sushun
paying homage to the emperor and seeking a woman
literary consciousness
