摘要
以华北平原中部地区潮土为对象,研究了撒施不同水平尿素对夏玉米季氨挥发的影响,为合理施用氮肥和减少农田氨挥发损失提供依据。结合当地农民种植与施氮习惯,试验设置8个施氮水平,分别为0(N0)、50(N1)、100(N2)、150(N3)、200(N4)、250(N5)、300(N6)、400(N7)kg·hm^-2,利用田间试验原位测定-密闭室连续抽气法测定氨挥发。结果表明,夏玉米种植体系在施入氮肥后发生了明显的氨挥发,且氨挥发主要发生在施肥后5 d内,在施肥后1~3 d出现氨挥发速率峰值,基肥与追肥后氨挥发通量最大分别达到N 2.35、5.30 kg·hm^-2·d^-1,基肥期氨挥发量在N 3.76~9.82 kg·hm^-2,追肥期氨挥发量在N 5.79~27.29 kg·hm^-2。在整个夏玉米生长期间,氨挥发量随着氮肥施用量的增加而增加。施氮量为200 kg·hm^-2条件下,氨挥发量相对较低,夏玉米产量为10 721.87 kg·hm^-2,高于其他施氮水平处理的玉米产量。可见,合理的氮肥用量能够兼顾产量和生态环境,京郊夏玉米田间土壤在200 kg·hm^-2的氮肥水平下,玉米产量最高且氨挥发损失较低。
The effects of different urea levels on seasonal ammonia volatilization of summer maize were studied in the fluvoaquic soils in the central part of North China Plain,which provided a basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and reduction of ammonia volatilization loss in farmland.Combining with the local farmers’planting and nitrogen application habits,eight levels of nitrogen application were set up,namely 0(N0),50(N1),100(N2),150(N3),200(N4),250(N5),300(N6)and 400(N7)kg·hm-2.Ammonia volatilization was determined by in situ determination and continuous air extraction in closed chamber.The results showed that significant ammonia volatilization occurred in summer maize planting system after applying nitrogen fertilizer,and ammonia volatilization mainly occurred within 5 days after applying fertilizer.The peak ammonia volatilization rate appeared 1~3 days after applying fertilizer.The maximum ammonia volatilization flux of base fertilizer and topdressing reached N 2.35,5.30 kg·hm-2·d-1,respectively,and the ammonia volatilization amount of base fertilizer were N 3.76~9.82 kg·hm-2 and N 5.79~27.29 kg·hm-2 ammonia volatilization during topdressing.During the whole growth period of summer maize,ammonia volatilization increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application.Ammonia volatilization was relatively low under 200 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application.The yield of summer maize was 10721.87 kg·hm-2,which was higher than that of other nitrogen application treatments.It can be seen that a reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer can take into account both yield and ecological environment.Under 200 kg·hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer level in summer maize field in Beijing suburb,the yield of summer maize is the highest and the loss of ammonia volatilization is relatively low.
作者
山楠
赵同科
杜连凤
安志装
何艳洁
郝玉翠
孙秀君
串丽敏
SHAN Nan;ZHAO Tong-ke;DU Lian-feng;AN Zhi-zhuang;HE Yan-jie;HAO Yu-cui;SUN Xiu-jun;CHUAN Li-min(Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Tangshan University,Tangshan Hebei 063000;Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097;Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期32-40,共9页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200103)
北京市社科基金(18GLC048)。
关键词
施氮量
氨挥发
夏玉米
潮土
原位测定
nitrogen fertilization application
ammonia volatilization
summer maize
fluvo-aquic soil
in situ determination
