摘要
为应对西南旱作农田耕地质量下降、水土流失严重等问题,通过田间小区试验,以不施加保水剂+无覆盖处理(A_(1)B_(1))为对照,探索不同保水剂:不施加保水剂(A_(1))、常规农用保水剂(A_(2))、微生物保水剂(A_(3)),不同覆盖材料:无覆盖(B_(1))、地膜覆盖(B_(2))、秸秆覆盖(B_(3))处理下对土壤特性的影响.结果表明,油菜花期以前不同覆盖处理配施保水剂能有效提高0~20 cm土层含水量,生长后期秸秆覆盖处理的保水效果减弱;不同覆盖处理配施保水剂可以显著提高土壤养分含量,其中A_(3)B_(2)处理的土壤碱解氮、有机质质量分数较对照处理显著提高了12.93%和45.79%,A_(3)B_(3)处理的土壤速效磷质量分数较对照处理显著提高了12.97%;A_(3)B_(2)及A_(2)B_(3)处理显著提高土壤蔗糖酶活性,各处理对过氧化氢酶活性无显著影响;通过Biolog-ECO培养发现A_(2)B_(1)及A_(3)B_(2)处理能够显著提高土壤微生物碳源代谢活性(AWCD),A_(3)B_(2)处理下土壤微生物对胺类碳源、氨基酸类碳源的利用率较对照处理显著提高了48.53%和33.94%,丰富度指数(R)、香农指数(H)和优势度指数(D)均在A_(3)B_(2)处理下达到峰值;A_(3)B_(2)处理下的油菜株高,地上部、地下部干物质质量及油菜产量显著高于对照处理.综合而言,不同覆盖材料及保水剂对土壤特性有积极影响,地膜覆盖配施微生物保水剂处理(A_(3)B_(2))能够显著改善土壤含水量和土壤养分状况,提高土壤酶及微生物活性,有利于油菜的生长和产量的增加,适宜在西南旱作区推广应用.
In order to cope with the problems of the decline in the quality of cultivated land and serious soil erosion of dryland farmland in southwest China,through the field plot experiment,with no application of water-retaining agent + no mulching treatment(A_(1)B_(1)) as a control,the treatments of different water-retaining agents of no application of water-retaining agent(A_(1)),conventional agricultural water-retaining agent(A_(2)),microorganisms water retention agent(A_(3)),combined with different mulching materials of no mulching(B_(1)),plastic film mulching(B_(2)),straw mulching(B_(3)) were explored for their effects on soil characteristics and rapeseed plant growth.The results showed that different mulching treatments combined with water-retaining agent can effectively increase the water content of the 0-20 cm deep soil layer before the flowering stage of rapeseed,but the water-retaining effect of straw mulching treatment was weak in the later stage of growth.The mulching treatment combined with the application of water-retaining agent can significantly increase the soil nutrient content,among which the soil alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter in the A_(3)B_(2)treatment were significantly increased by 12.93% and 45.79% compared with the control,and the soil available phosphorus in the A_(3)B_(3)treatment was significantly increased by 12.97% compared with the control.A_(3)B_(2)treatment and A_(2)B_(3)treatment significantly increased soil invertase activity,but no any treatment had significant effect on catalase activity.It was found by Biolog-ECO culture that A_(2)B_(1)and A_(3)B_(2)treatments could significantly increase soil microbial carbon source metabolic activity(AWCD).The utilization rate of amine carbon sources and amino acid carbon sources by soil microorganisms under A_(3)B_(2)treatment was significantly increased by 48.53% and 33.94%,respectively,compared with the control,and the Richness index(R),Shannon-Wiener index(H) and Simpson index(D) reached to their peaks under A_(3)B_(2)treatment
作者
宋稳锋
王志远
吴心瑶
任可
刘铭
甄雨卓
宋李霞
刘超计
王龙昌
SONG Wenfeng;WANG Zhiyuan;WU Xinyao;REN Ke;LIU Ming;ZHEN Yuzhuo;SONG Lixia;LIU Chaoji;WANG Longchang(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University/Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture,Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715,China)
出处
《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期88-99,共12页
Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31871583)
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503127)
西南大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S20211063530)。
关键词
西南旱作农田
保水剂
覆盖材料
土壤特性
油菜生长
dryland farmland in southwest China
water-retaining agent
mulching materials
soil characteristics
growth of rapeseed
