摘要
碳纳米管属于相对较新的纳米材料,已经被人们公知了近30年,但是他们的历史要更长一些。最早在1952年Radushkevich和Lukyanovich[1]观察到并且描述了碳纳米管,后来在1976年由Oberl等人[2]观察到单壁或双壁碳纳米管。1991年,Iijima是第一位在测试一种用于C60碳分子制造的新电弧蒸发方法中描述了多壁碳纳米管制备过程的科学家[3]。1993年,Iijima和Bethune在各自的研究中描述了描述单壁碳纳米管的生长过程[4-5]。单壁碳纳米管由一根石墨烯管组成,而多壁碳纳米管由几根同心的石墨烯管组成,一个石墨管安装在另一个石墨管内。碳纳米管的直径从单壁碳纳米管情况下的几纳米变化到多壁碳纳米管情况下的几十纳米。碳纳米管的长度通常在微米范围内[6]。多壁碳纳米管最简单的例子是双壁碳纳米管,它们结合了单壁碳纳米管的优异性能,因此比简单的单壁碳纳米管具有多个优势(例如,更高的稳定性和刚度或内管和外管的独立掺杂)。[7]自Iijima发现发表以来,碳纳米管因其独特的电,机械,光学,热和其他特性而开始广泛用于许多应用。碳纳米管的应用通常由碳纳米管的结构(壁的数量,直径,长度,手性角等)决定,碳纳米管具有特殊的性能。碳纳米管的可能应用包括导电膜,太阳能电池,燃料电池,超级电容器,晶体管,存储器,显示器,分离膜和过滤器,净化系统,传感器,衣服等。大量的碳纳米管可以使用各种方法生产。它们各自具有一些优点和缺点,导致产生不同的生长结果,因此选择合适的生产方法就显得尤为重要。本研究的目的是简要概述用于碳纳米管合成的方法。
Carbon nanotubes are relatively new nanomaterials and have been known for nearly 30 years,but their history is longer.As early as 1952,Radushkevich and Lukyanovich observed and described carbon nanotubes,and in 1976,Oberl observed single-walled or double-walled carbon nanotubes.In 1991,Iijima was the first scientist to describe the preparation process of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in testing a new arc evaporation method for C60 carbon molecule production.In 1993,Iijima and Bethune described the growth process of single-walled carbon nanotubes in their respective studies.Single-walled carbon nanotubes are composed of one graphene tube,while multi-walled carbon nanotubes are composed of several concentric graphene tubes,with one graphite tube installed in the other.The diameter of carbon nanotubes changes from a few nanometers in the case of single-walled carbon nanotubes to tens of nanometers in the case of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.The length of carbon nanotubes is usually in the micrometer range.The simplest example of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is double-walled carbon nanotubes,which combine the excellent performance of single-walled carbon nanotubes and thus have multiple advantages over simple single-walled carbon nanotubes(e.g.,higher stability and rigidity or independent doping of inner and outer tubes).Since lijima’s discovery was published,carbon nanotubes have been widely used in many applications due to their unique electrical,mechanical,optical,thermal and other characteristics.Possible applications of carbon nanotubes include conductive films,solar cells,fuel cells,supercapacitors,transistors,memories,displays,separation membranes and filters,purification systems,sensors,clothing,etc.A large number of carbon nanotubes can be produced using various methods.Each of them has some advantages and disadvantages,resulting in different growth results,so it is particularly important to choose the appropriate production method.The purpose of this study is to briefly summarize the methods used in the
作者
潘苏寅
Pan Suyin(Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing,100000)
出处
《当代化工研究》
2020年第16期150-151,共2页
Modern Chemical Research
关键词
碳纳米管
合成方法
carbon nanotubes
synthetic method
