摘要
【目的】古树常被称为"活化石",是珍贵的不可再生的自然和文化遗产,在气候、生态、文化、历史、经济等方面具有重大的价值,为进一步掌握西藏高原地区的古树资源,以及分析影响古树生长的主要因素,对西藏昌都地区的古树资源进行分析。【方法】以西藏昌都市居民点散生古树为例,通过对古树的分布特征、年龄结构、海拔梯度以及古树保护的影响因子等方面进行分析。【结果】西藏昌都市主要的古树种类为藏川杨、昌都杨、核桃、大果圆柏、旱柳以及沙棘等。从昌都市各县区古树分布情况来看,其中洛隆县古树数量及种类最多,其次为贡觉县,江达县与丁青县的总面积在昌都市分别位居第一和第二,但是古树分布最少。从古树的年龄结构来看,其中年龄范围在100~299 a间的三级古树约占总株数的26.09%。二级古树株数比例最大,约为39.13%。一级古树的株数比例约为34.78%,其中500~699年龄阶段的古树最多,大于1000 a的古树有5株。从古树的海拔分布情况来看,本次调查的古树名木的海拔分布从2330 m至4374 m,海拔跨度达2000 m以上。海拔最低的树木位于2330 m芒康县木许村的核桃古树,其年龄约为540 a。海拔最高的古树位于海拔4374 m卡诺区俄洛镇的柏木古树,年龄约为1290 a。大部分的古树分布于3300 m至3900 m之间,且在该海拔范围内,古树年龄跨度较大,在3900 m以上共有28株古树。本次调查的所有古树中,权属为集体的古树占大部分,其株数比例约为86.4%。从古树分布区域看,约有87.94%的古树分布在乡村。从生长势来看,约有84.82%的古树为正常株。就生长环境而言,处于良好环境的古树约占81.32%。【结论】从藏族文化、宗教信仰以及自然环境等方面分析了古树保护的主要影响因素,并就本次古树普查工作发现的问题,提出相应的策略。
【Objective】Ancient trees are often referred to as"living fossils",which are precious and non-renewable natural and cultural heritage.Ancient trees are of great significance in climate,ecology,culture,history,economy and other aspects.In order to further grasp the ancient tree resources of the Tibetan plateau region,as well as analyze the main environmental factors affecting the growth of ancient trees,this paper analyzed the prefecture of Tibet’s ancient tree resources.【Method】Taking Qamdo city in Tibet as an example,this paper analyzed the distribution characteristics,age structure,altitude gradient and the influence of major environmental factors on ancient trees.【Result】The result shows that the main species of ancient trees in Qamdo,Tibet are Populus szechuanica var.tibetica,Populus qamdoensis C.Wang et S.L.Tung,Juglans regia,Sabina tibetica Kom.,Salix matsudana,ppophae rhamnoides Linn.and so on.In terms of the distribution of ancient trees in various counties in Qamdo city,Luolong county has the largest number of ancient trees and their species,and Gongjue county is the second largest.HoweverJiangda county and Dingqing county rank the first and second respectively in terms of the total area,but the resources of ancient trees is the least.According to the age structure of ancient trees,the third-grade ancient trees with the age range of 100-299 accounts for about 26.09%of the total number of ancient trees.The proportion of secondary trees isabout 39.13%,which keeps the largest quotient.The proportion of first-grade ancient trees is about 34.78%,among which the maximum amount ancient trees are in the age of 500-699,and there are 5 ancient trees more than 1000 years old.In terms of the altitude distribution of ancient trees,the altitude distribution of ancient and famous trees in this survey ranges from 2330 m to 4374 m,with an altitude span of over 2000 m.The ancient tree of the lowest elevation is theancient Juglans regia,whichis located in Muxu village of 2330 m Mankang county,and the ancient J
作者
尹惠妍
张志伟
侯磊
潘刚
YIN Huiyan;ZHANG Zhiwei;HOU Lei;PAN Gang(College of Resources&Enviroment,Tibet Agriculture&Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,Tibet,China;Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology,Tibet Agriculture&Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,Tibet,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期147-154,共8页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0405)
西藏古树名木资源普查项目
西藏自治区自然科学基金(XZ 2019ZR G-61)
林学卓越农林人才教育培养计划改革试点项目。
关键词
昌都市
古树名木
分布
保护策略
Qamdo city
old tree and famous wood species
distribution
protection strategies
