摘要
冻土是冰冻圈的重要组成部分。冻土变化对寒区生态系统和地表水文、土壤及工程稳定性等均会产生重要影响。利用河南县气象站近37a气温、地温及冻土等观测资料,分析河南县冻土变化对气候的响应及对策。结果表明:(1)在全球气候变暖的背景下,河南县年平均气温、最低气温及地面最低温度均呈波动状显著上升趋势,降水量、日照时数呈增多趋势,但增多特征均不明显;(2)河南县冻土层呈退化趋势,表现为冻土层的开始冻结日期推迟、完全消融日期提前、年冻结期缩短、最大冻土深度减小;(3)一年当中,11月至翌年4月是河南县冻土深度持续加深时期,5~6月为消融时期,7月完全消融,8~10月为冻消交替出现时期,即该县的冻土属于季节性冻土;(4)近37a影响河南县冻土变化的主要气象因子是年平均气温、最低气温及地面最低温度,相关系数均通过了(a=0.05)的显著性水平检验;(5)河南县冻土变化对生态、土壤及工程稳定性等产生了明显影响,建议相关部门高度关注冻土退化对生态环境、土壤特性和重大工程建设等方面的影响,加强应对气候变化方面的研究。
Permafrost is an important part of the cryosphere.The change of permafrost will have an important impact on the ecosystem of cold region,surface hydrology,soil and engineering stability in the cold region.The response of permafrost change to climate and its countermeasures are analyzed by using the temperature,ground temperature and permafrost of Henan meteorological station in recent 37 years The results show that:(1)under the background of global warming,the annual average temperature,the lowest temperature and the lowest ground temperature of Henan all show a fluctuating and significant upward trend.Precipitation and sunshine hours are increasing,but the increasing characteristics are not obvious;(2)the permafrost has a tendency of degradation in Henan,which shows that the start date of freezing is delayed,the date of complete melting is ad-vanced,the annual freezing period is shortened,and the maximum depth of permafrost is reduced;(3)the per-mafrost depth of Henan continues to deepen from November to next April.The ablation period is from May to June,the complete ablation in July,and the alternation of freeze-thaw from August to October;(4)the main meteorological factors affecting the change of permafrost in Henan in the past 37 years are annual average tem-perature,minimum temperature and ground minimum temperature,which correlation coefficient has passed the significance level test(a=0.05);(5)The change of permafrost in Henan has a significant impact on ecology,soil and engineering stability.It is suggested that the relevant departments should pay close attention to the im-pact of permafrost degradation on ecological environment,soil characteristics and major engineering construc-tion,and strengthen the research on climate change.
作者
陈海莲
颜亮东
CHEN Hai-lian(Henan Meteorological Bureau of Qinghai Province,Youganning Qinghai 811599,China)
出处
《青海草业》
2020年第2期50-55,共6页
Qinghai Prataculture
关键词
冻土
气候变化
响应
河南县
Permafrost
Climate change
Response
Henan county
