摘要
近年来在贵州东南部的清水江流域发现了大量文书,其中有珍贵的阴地买卖契约,本文即以其为研究对象,运用历史计量法和比较研究法,梳理阴地经营和卖价,力图揭示其大致规律。通过估算阴地亩价,结果显示,清水江流域阴地卖价大约是田地的十倍、房地的四倍。究其原因,一是区域人口增多产生的人地矛盾,土地资源人均占有量逐渐减少;二是村民对人辞世以后回归自然的高度重视以及人们对风水的热心追逐。这种观念浓厚,根深蒂固,导致阴地越来越重要。可见,阴地亩价比房地、田地高,阴地经营并非完全是利益驱动的结果;阴地经营不是土地买卖的主流,未能形成较大的规模;阴地经营中,基本无活卖,这是它与田地、房地的明显区别;阴地卖价起伏受银钱比价、经济制度以及社会环境的影响;阴地经营不全是为了积累财富,而是一种需求,一种风水观念的需求,更多地表现了土地产权转移的多样性。这些是清水江流域阴地经营的鲜明特色。
In recent years,a large number of documents have been found in the Qingshuijiang Area in the southeast of Guizhou Province.Among them,there are precious contracts for the sale of graveyard.This paper takes them as the research object,using historical measurement method and comparative research method to sort out the operation and selling price of graveyard,trying to reveal its general rules.The result shows that the selling price of graveyard in this area was about ten times of that of farmland and four times of that of real estate,referring to the estimation of the unit price of graveyard.The first reason for that phenomenon is the contradiction between man and land caused by the increase of regional population,with gradually decreased per capita possession of land resources.Second,villagers attached great importance to returning to nature after death,and people’s enthusiastic pursuit of Fengshui.This kind of idea is strong and deep-rooted,which leads to the increasing importance of graveyard.Thus the unit price of graveyard is higher than that of real estate and land,and the management of graveyard is not entirely driven by profits.Graveyard management is not the mainstream of land sales and had not formed in a large scale.In the management of graveyard,there is basically no live sale,which is the obvious difference between it and fields and housing lands.The rise and fall of selling price of graveyard was influenced by the price ratio of silver and copper coin,economic system and social environment.Graveyard management is not only for the purpose of accumulating wealth,but also a kind of demand,a demand of Fengshui concept,which shows the diversity of land property rights transfer.These are the distinctive characteristics of graveyard management in Qingshuijiang Area.
作者
安尊华
AN Zunhua(Reasearch Center of Guizhou Folk Literature,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou,China,550025)
出处
《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第4期133-140,共8页
Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)
基金
2018年国家社会科学基金一般项目“清水江流域民间借贷契约文书研究”(18BZS139)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金西部和边疆地区项目“明清以来湘黔桂多民族互嵌地区的开发治理及族群互动研究”(18XJC770010)。
关键词
契约文书
清水江流域
阴地经营
鲜明特色
contract documents
Qingshuijiang literature
the graveyard management
the distinctive characteristics
