摘要
在专利领域,恶意诉讼的存在不仅与专利法授予专利权的本旨背道而驰,而且还会损害诉讼相对人利益,浪费有限的司法资源。对于恶意诉讼之"恶意"的认定要求行为人在认知因素方面,明知专利诉讼缺少法律和实施依据状态;意志因素方面,存在意欲通过诉讼损害诉讼相对人利益的目的,并且为辅助法官对于"恶意"的认定,减少认定难度,还有必要对"恶意"的考察因素进行类型化。对于行为人提起专利恶意诉讼行为不法的理解宜采广义,行为人在法律意义上的可责难性主要体现其审慎义务或者诚信义务的违反。基于违法性行为的表现阶段,应将"欺诈型恶意诉讼"与"无合理根据型恶意诉讼"纳入违法行为类型。鉴于侵权责任法的进路对专利恶意诉讼予以规制所具有的局限,我国应建立包括程序法、专利法、反垄断法、侵权责任法等立法在内的"多进路、多向度"专利恶意诉讼法律规制体系。
The existence of malicious litigation in the patent field not only runs counter to the essence of patent right granted by patent law,but also damages the interests of relative parties and wastes limited judicial resources.The identification of“malice”in malicious litigation requires the actor’s awareness of the lack of legal and enforcement basis for patent litigation in terms of cognitive factors.In terms of will factor,there exists the purpose of damaging the relative party’s interests through litigation.In order to assist the judge’s determination of“malice”and reduce the determination difficulty,it is necessary to investigate and categorize the factors of“malice”.The actor’s wrongful act of bringing patent malicious litigation should be understood in a broad sense.The actor’s reprehensibility in the legal sense mainly reflects the violation of his duty of prudence or good faith.Based on the performance stage of illegal behavior,“fraudulent malicious litigation”and“unreasonable malicious litigation”should be included into the types of illegal behavior.In view of the path limitations of tort liability law in regulating malicious patent litigation,China should establish a“multi-path and multi-dimensional”legal system of malicious patent litigation,including procedural law,patent law,anti-monopoly law and tort liability law.
作者
聂鑫
NIE Xin(School of Intellectual Property,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210094)
出处
《南京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第4期40-45,共6页
Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology：Social Sciences
基金
江苏省社会科学基金项目“专利恶意诉讼的法律规制研究”(项目编号:16FXC002)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“大数据时代商业秘密民事法律制度应对研究”(项目编号:17YJC820040)
江苏省软科学研究项目“中美贸易协定中知识产权有关约定对江苏企业的影响及对策研究”。
关键词
专利恶意诉讼
恶意
违法性行为
规制进路
malicious patent litigation
malice
illegal acts
regulation approaches
