摘要
罗素的主要学术成就集中在逻辑学和分析哲学领域。在逻辑学方面,他为了避免悖论,提出(禁止)恶性循环原则,发展了简单类型论和分支类型论;以类型论为基础,建立了命题逻辑、一阶谓词逻辑、等词理论、摹状词理论等;坚持逻辑主义主张,用逻辑去担保数学的一致性和可靠性,并在其逻辑系统中推导出很大一部分数学。在分析哲学方面,他用外在关系说反驳内在关系说,由此反叛康德和黑格尔的唯心主义哲学;区分了真理的知识与事物的知识、亲知的知识与描述的知识、原始的真理与派生的真理,其知识论带有浓厚的经验论和怀疑论的色彩;发展了逻辑原子主义哲学,认为在(理想)语言与外部世界之间有结构上的平行对应;提出了基于感觉材料的逻辑构造论,试图消解自然语言过多的本体论设定,在学术研究中保持“健全的实在感”。由于他的创造性工作及其造成的重大学术影响,罗素成为逻辑学和分析哲学领域中的大师和巨擘。
Bertrand Russell's(罗素)main academic achievements consist in the fields of logic and analytic philosophy.His contributions to logic include that he put forward the vicious-circle principle,and developed the simple-type theory and ramified-type theory,so as to avoid paradoxes;he based himself on his type theory,establishing such theories as propositional logic,first-order predicate logic,identity theory,and theory of descriptions;and he maintained the logicist proposition,applied logic to guarantee the consistency and reliability of mathematics,and deduced a lot of mathematical theories in his logical system.His contributions to analytic philosophy include that he rejected the theory of internal relations by means of the theory of external relations,thus rebelling against Kant's and Hegel's idealistic philosophy;he distinguished the knowledge of truths from the knowledge of things,the knowledge by acquaintance from the knowledge by description,and the primitive truths from the derivative truths,and his epistemology has a strong empiricist and skeptic flavor;he developed logical atomist philosophy,asserting that there is a structural parallel between the ideal language and the external world;and he put forward his theory of logical constructions based on sense data,trying to eliminate too many ontological settings of natural language and retaining"the robust sense of reality"even in academic research.Due to his creative work and its significant academic influence,Russell has been a master and giant in the fields of logic and analytic philosophy.
作者
陈波
Chen Bo(Department of Philosophy,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期32-43,共12页
Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"当代逻辑哲学重大前沿问题研究"(项目编号17ZDA024)的阶段性成果。
关键词
罗素
逻辑主义
逻辑演算
逻辑原子主义
摹状词理论
逻辑构造论
Bertrand Russell(罗素)
logicism/logical calculus
type theory
logical atomism
theory of descriptions
theory of logical constructions
