摘要
作为一种区域性水合作制度,中亚水合作机制(URC)在《联合国国际水道公约》等国际水法的指引下,正在日益形成以《阿拉木图协定》主导的单向度水合作、《锡尔河水能协议》主导的互惠式水合作、《楚河和塔拉斯河协定》主导的共治式水合作等为主要内容的格局,通过推动该区域从无界限多边合作到有界限多边合作再到有界限双边合作的转变,实现了中亚水合作机制从区域多边主义向双边合作的回归。尽管如此,这一合作机制依然存在诸多问题,例如区域水配给制有失公允、区域水补偿制形同虚设、跨界流域国水法体系及其实践不一,等等,从而严重影响了该区域水合作的制度整合,造成中亚区域水一体化进程的停滞不前。为此,中亚国家应积极采取措施,增强国家间相互信任,协调好跨界流域国的利益,兼顾本国企业发展和环境保护,通过发挥各国的水资源优势来建立水资源协调和能源补偿机制,借此不断完善中亚水合作机制。
As a system of regional water cooperation under the guidance of international water law,the cooperative mechanism for water in Central Asia consists of three parts:a one-way water cooperation pattern stipulated by Almaty Agreement,a reciprocal water cooperation pattern made by Agreement on the Use of Water and Energy Resources of the Syr Darya Basin and a co-government water cooperation pattern created by Agreement of Chu River and Taras River.The transformation has completed the rational return of water cooperation in Central Asia from regional multilateralism to bilateral cooperation.In spite of this,there are still many problems in this system of regional water cooperation,such as the unfairness of the regional water allocation system,the absence of regional water compensation system,and the differences of water law system and practice of these Central Asia countries.These problems have seriously affected the institutional integration of the regional water cooperation,impeding the water integration process in Central Asia.Therefore,the Central Asian countries should take active measures to improve the regional water cooperation system by enhancing their mutual trust,coordinating their interests,handling the relationships between the development of domestic enterprises and environmental protection,and establishing a mechanism for water resources coordination and energy compensation.
作者
朱新光
朱雅宾
Zhu Xinguang;Zhu Yabin
出处
《国际观察》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期86-108,共23页
International Review
基金
中国-上海合作组织国际司法交流合作培训基地研究基金项目“冷战后中亚地区安全合作机制研究”(项目编号:CNSCO17029)
国家社科基金后期资助项目“冷战后中亚非传统安全合作研究”(项目编号:19FGJB014)的阶段性成果。
关键词
中亚
国际水法
水合作机制
Central Asia
International Water Law
Mechanism for Water Cooperative
