摘要
目的了解儿童青少年近视现状及其影响因素。方法采用问卷调查收集2015年1月-2019年1月重庆市小学、初中和高中学生资料,回顾性分析不同基础信息及生活中环境危险因素影响下的近视构成比及近视危险因素。结果共调查4995名学生,近视率为50.81%。女生、高中生、父母一方近视、每天在家学习时间/看电视时间/玩手机及电脑时间>2 h、写作业趴着、看书时眼睛离书本距离<20 cm、走路时经常看书或手机、不做眼保健操、经常熬夜、睡眠质量不好或一般、每天户外活动时间<1 h、父母未每天督促学生注意用眼、父母未注意家中照明及采光、未每个月定期做视力检查的学生近视率高于同组中其他学生(均P<0.05)。高中生、父母一方近视、每天在家学习或看电视玩手机电脑>120 min、趴着写作业、看书时眼睛离书本距离<20 cm、经常走路时看书或玩手机、不做眼保健操、睡眠质量不好、每天户外活动时间<1 h、父母未每天督促注意用眼、父母未注意过家中照明及采光及未每个月定期视力检查是儿童青少年近视的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论儿童青少年近视率较高,与每天接触手机或电脑时间过长、写作业姿势不端正、看书距离过近、不做眼保健操、睡眠质量不好、户外活动时间短、父母未督促注意用眼等危险因素密切相关。
Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents.Methods The data of primary,junior and high school students in Chongqing from January 2015 to January 2019 were collected by questionnaire.A retrospective analysis was used to explore the constituent ratio and risk factors of myopia under the influence of different basic information and environmental risk factors in life.Results A total of 4995 students were investigated,and the myopia rate was 50.81%.The myopia rates of students who were female,in senior high school,at least one myopia parent,studying at home,watching TV,playing mobile phone and computer for more than two hours every day,poor sitting posture,distance between eyes and books is less than 20 cm when reading,reading or playing with mobile phones while walking,rare eye exercises,often staying up late,poor sleep quality,outdoor activity time less than 1 hour every day,seldom correction from their parents poor lighting environment at home,irregular visual examination were higher than those of other students in the same group(all P<0.05).High school students,at least one myopia parent,reading books or mobile phones more than 120 min per day,poor sitting posture,distance between eyes and books is less than 20 cm when reading,reading or playing with mobile phones while walking,rare eye exercises,poor sleep quality,outdoor activity time less than 1 hour every day,seldom correction from their parents,poor lighting environment at home,and irregular visual examination were in dependent risk factors for myopia in children and adolescents(all P<0.05).Conclusion The myopia rate in children and adolescents is high,which is influenced by various risk factors,such as excessive time of playing mobile phones of computer,poor sitting posture,close distance of reading book,rare eye exercises,poor sleep quality,short time for outdoor activities,and seldom correction from parents.
作者
郑祥丽
唐姝
ZHENG Xiang-li;TANG Shu(Ophthalmology Department,Chongqing Emergency Medical Center(Fourth People’s Hospital of Chongqing),Chongqing,400010,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2020年第7期963-966,970,共5页
Occupation and Health
基金
重庆市卫生和计划生育委员会医学科研项目(2015MD XM022)。
关键词
儿童青少年
近视
环境危险因素
Children and adolescents
Myopia
Environmental risk factors
