摘要
【目的】有机肥是农业生产的重要肥源,了解有机肥质量安全现状,可为有机肥合理施用和管控提供参考。【方法】于2017年采集浙江省96家有机肥生产企业共99个商品有机肥样品,研究分析其Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni 8种重金属含量、分布特征、污染成因及施用风险。并与2013年文献进行比较,分析重金属含量的变化。【结果】1)商品有机肥中Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni的平均含量分别为0.17、5.5、0.63、17.3、33.2、213.8、660.5、17.7 mg/kg,变异系数为54.9%~151.3%,含量差异较大。相比2013年,Cd、Pb、Cr、Hg和As含量在2017年均有所降低,降幅为23.0%~72.7%,其中Hg和As含量大体呈逐年下降趋势,2017年较2009年平均含量分别下降74.2%和51.8%,Cr和Pb平均含量较2010年分别下降74.9%和54.4%,Cd平均含量在近4年降幅明显,2017年较2013年下降72.7%。但商品有机肥中As仍有8.1%超标,Cu、Zn含量偏高,Ni含量有增加趋势。Cu、Zn、Ni是浙江省商品有机肥主要风险因子。2)主成分和相关性分析表明,Cu-Zn、Cr-Ni-Hg、Cd-Pb重金属污染来源具有同源性。Cu、Zn、As以饲料添加来源为主,Cr、Hg、Ni主要来源于饲料原料本身,Cd、Pb则以饲料原料本身、生产粘结剂或生产环境来源为主。3)商品有机肥成分配方复杂,猪粪原料占比较大,其次为鸡粪和牛粪。根据NY 525-2012有机肥重金属限量标准,以猪粪为主要原料的有机肥As超标率9.6%,以鸡粪、羊粪为主要原料的有机肥未出现重金属超标,根据德国腐熟堆肥重金属限量标准,以猪粪和鸡粪为主要原料的有机肥Cu、Zn超标样品较多,Ni只在以猪粪和鸡粪为主要原料的有机肥中出现超标。4)长期施用含重金属商品有机肥,存在土壤重金属积累风险。按有机肥年施肥量30t/hm^2推算,Cu、Zn和Cd风险相对较大,安全使用年限分别为14、18、34年。【结论】浙江省商品有机肥总体质量安全程度较高,
【Objectives】Organic fertilizer is an important nutrient sources in agricultural production.Studying the safety quality of organic fertilizer could provide reference for its rational and safe application.【Methods】A total of 99 commercial organic fertilizer samples were collected from 96 organic fertilizer manufacturers in Zhejiang Province in 2017.The contents of Hg,As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn and Ni were determined.The heavy metal sources were discussed and the application risks were proposed.And the heavy metal content variation was compared with that in literature of 2013.【Results】1)The average contents of Hg,As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn and Ni in the 99 organic fertilizer samples varied greatly,averaging 0.17,5.5,0.63,17.3,33.2,213.8,660.5 and 17.7 mg/kg,respectively,with coefficients of variation ranging from 54.9%to 151.3%.The contents of Cd,Pb,Cr,Hg and As had declined significantly by 23.0%–72.7%in 2017,compared with those in 2013.Among them,the contents of Hg and As declined year by year.In 2017,the average contents of Hg and As declined by 74.2%and 51.8%compared with 2009,Cr and Pb contents declined by 74.9%and 54.4%compared with 2010,and Cd contents declined significantly in recent four years,with a decline of 72.7%compared with 2013.Even so,the content of As in 8.1%of organic fertilizer samples still exceeded the standard.The contents of Cu and Zn were relatively high,and Ni content tended to increase,which were the main risk factors for commercial organic fertilizers in Zhejiang Province.2)The results of principal component analysis(PCA)and correlation analysis showed that the pollution sources of Cu-Zn,Cr-Ni-Hg and Cd-Pb were homologous.The main source of Cu,Zn and As pollution was feed addition.Cr,Hg and Ni might mainly come from feed raw materials,while Cd and Pb might mainly come from feed raw materials or from the production of binders or environment.3)The components of commercial organic fertilizer were various,and the pig manure were the main raw material,which followed by chicken manure and cow manur
作者
叶雪珠
肖文丹
赵首萍
陈德
张棋
黄淼杰
YE Xue-zhu;XIAO Wen-dan;ZHAO Shou-ping;CHEN De;ZHANG Qi;HUANG Miao-jie(Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products(in Prepared)/Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hangzhou 310021,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期954-965,共12页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
浙江省重点研发计划项目(2015C02042,2015C02011)
浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室项目(2010DS700124-ZZ1802)。
关键词
商品有机肥
重金属
分布特征
来源
风险
commercial organic fertilizer
heavy metal
distribution characteristics
source
risk
