摘要
民用核电产业是实现我国能源可持续发展的重要支撑,然而核电产业的运营与发展面临着发生核损害事故的潜在风险。核损害不同于一般侵权,核损害责任的承担采取"严格责任制"的归责原则,责任主体遵循"营运者唯一责任原则"。核损害赔偿纠纷一般诉诸司法途径解决。由受害人依照"单一法院管辖原则"向唯一有管辖权的法院提起诉讼。因此一旦事故发生,就可能产生唯一有管辖权的法院诉讼负担过重的情况,因而影响纠纷解决甚至赔偿效率。仲裁作为一种有效的争端解决机制,可以在一定程度上代替诉讼,从而减轻法院诉累,加快纠纷解决与赔偿速度。因核损害受害人与赔偿责任人就赔偿方式与数额无法达成一致而产生的赔偿纠纷具有可仲裁性。因此,建议在我国未来核损害赔偿制度中规定建立专门处理核损害赔偿纠纷的仲裁机构,给予受害人与赔偿责任人合意在诉讼与仲裁中做出选择的权利,在双方同意仲裁并签订有关核损害赔偿纠纷的书面仲裁协议后,将纠纷提交该仲裁机构,以此方式化纷止争,快速实现赔偿。
The civil nuclear industry has improved very fast all over the world in recent years.At the same time,the industry is facing a huge risk of nuclear damage accident.The nuclear damage compensation liability,which is different from the general tort liability,follows the"sole liability principle"and the"strict liability principle".Once the compensation disputes of nuclear damage happen,the victims shall resort to judicial resolution.In accordance with the"sole jurisdiction principle".Thus,it may cause the result that the court with jurisdiction has too heavy litigation burden,which can affect the efficiency of judgment and even compensation.The disputes caused by the inconsistency of the ways and amount of compensation between the victim and the operator liable for compensation cannot be excluded from the disputes which can be arbitrated.Thus,on the basis that the victim and the operator liable for compensation agree and sign a written arbitration agreement on the matter,it can be submitted to the specialized arbitration institution.Choosing arbitration to settle nuclear damage compensation disputes caused by nuclear accidents can efficiently ease the burden of the court,improve the settlement efficiency of this kind of disputes and protect the legitimate rights and interests of both parties.
出处
《法学杂志》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期69-79,共11页
Law Science Magazine
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“中国核损害赔偿制度立法研究”(项目编号:18CFX049)的阶段性成果
关键词
核损害
赔偿纠纷
诉讼
仲裁
nuclear damage
compensation disputes
litigation
arbitration
