摘要
维护国家安全是香港特区政府的宪制性责任,也是香港居民应予承担的法定义务。维护国家安全法制建构是"一国两制"之国家理性与高度自治边界意识的法制化要求,具体体现于立法者原意、宪法与基本法的明确规范。维护国家安全在香港特区宪制秩序中具有显著的规范性地位。回归以来,维护国家安全的香港本地立法遭受挫折,立法重启遭遇政治共识难题,但维护国家安全立法需求在香港社会运动激进转型与选举夺权式的压力下更为凸显。十九届四中全会决定将维护国家安全列为完善"一国两制"制度体系的关键议题,提出了建立健全特区维护国家安全法律制度和执行机制并强化相关执法力量的制度建设要求。维护国家安全法制化在法律层面存在不同的制度化进路,在本地重启立法面临民意支持度及香港管治环境挑战的情况下,中央立法在法理和政治操作上具有正当性和可能性,也是可行实践方案。维护国家安全在香港现有法律资源基础上仍有较大空间,司法机关可以适当能动地形成维护国家安全的相关判例法体系,以阻断极端本土主义的法治破坏性。香港在维护国家安全执行机制与执法力量上的先期机构设置、技术培训、应急处置以及与国家的互动合作,对于完善维护国家安全法制体系具有机制探索和技术准备的意义。
The maintenance of national security is the constitutional responsibility of the Hong Kong SAR government and the legal obligation of Hong Kong residents.The construction of Hong Kong legal system on national security is the legislation requirement of the rationality of the"One country,Two systems"and of the consciousness of the boundary of high autonomy,which is embodied in the original intention of the legislator and the clear-cut provisions of the Constitution and the Basic Law.National security plays a significant normative role in maintaining the constitutional order of the Hong Kong SAR.Since the return of Hong Kong to the motherland,the local legislation on national security has suffered setbacks,and the restart of legislation has encountered problems for lacking in political consensus.However,the demand for national security legislation is more prominent under the pressure of radical transformation of Hong Kong’s social movements and the pressure of election for power seizure under full autonomy.The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19 th CPC Central Committee decided to make the maintenance of national security a key issue in improving the"One country,Two systems"policy,and put forward the requirements for the establishment and improvement of the legal system and enforcement mechanism for maintaining national security in the SAR and strengthening relevant law enforcement forces.There are different institutionalized approaches to the legalization of national security in Hong Kong.In the case where restarting local legislation faces the challenges related to public support and Hong Kong’s governance environment,the central government’s legislation is legitimate,possible and feasible in judicial logic and political operation.There is still much room for maintaining national security on the basis of the existing legal resources in Hong Kong.The judiciary can develop the relevant case law system to safeguard national security,so as to block the destruction of extreme nativism upon the rule of law.Hong Kong�
出处
《港澳研究》
2020年第2期36-46,94,共12页
Hong Kong and Macao Journal
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助,项目名称为:“全面依法治国的宪法内涵与制度展开研究”(项目编号:YWF-19-BJ-W-44)。
关键词
“一国两制”
基本法
国家安全
宪制秩序
法治
“One Country
Two Systems”
the Basic Law
National Security
the Constitutional Order
Rule of Law
