摘要
寨卡病毒最初是1947年在乌干达寨卡森林的一只恒河猴中发现的。该病毒是黄病毒科黄病毒属的一员,被归类于“火炬病原体”,主要由伊蚊传播给人类。由于感染症状轻微,寨卡病毒开始很少被了解,2015年在巴西爆发以后,人们才意识到寨卡病毒的传播和疾病严重后果。寨卡病毒在母亲怀孕期间传染给胎儿,导致胎儿的小头畸形。小头畸形是与寨卡病毒感染相关的第一个先天性异常。小头畸形是一种严重的疾病,胎儿大脑发育异常导致头部小于正常尺寸,通常伴随着认知和生理延迟。小头畸形是神经系统畸形的重要标志,也是未来残疾的预测指标。然而,寨卡病毒垂直传播的机制仍然很大程度上未知。寨卡病毒感染与小头畸形之间的可疑联系是一个紧迫的全球健康问题。除了小头畸形,寨卡病毒也可引起格林-巴利等其他疾病。但是,目前并没有寨卡病毒疫苗,现在的治疗指南基于有限的证据,大部分是对症治疗,但世界卫生组织已将寨卡病毒疫苗开发作为重中之重,这是半个多世纪以来首次发现与人类出生缺陷有关的重大传染病,世卫组织发出了全球性的警报,宣布了这个引起国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。本综述描述了目前对寨卡病毒感染的起源、流行、传播,胎儿小头畸形,寨卡病毒与小头畸形和其他疾病的关系,以及寨卡病毒的治疗现状和进展。
Zika virus was originally identified in a sentinel rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947.The vi-rus is a member of the Flavivirus genus in Flaviviridae and is classified as"torch pathogen".It is mainly transmitted to humans by Aedes species mosquitoes.As the symptoms of infection were mild,Zika virus began to be little known.Only after the outbreak in Brazil in 2015 did people realize the spread of Zika virus and the serious disease consequences.Zika virus is transmitted to the fetus during the mother's pregnancy,resulting in microcephaly of the fetus.Microcephaly is the first congenital abnormality related to Zika virus infection.Microcephaly is a serious disease.Fetal brain development causes the head to be smaller than normal size,usually accompanied by cognitive and physiological delays.Microcephaly is an important sign of nervous system malformation and a predictor of future disability.However,the vertical transmis-sion mechanism of Zika virus is still largely unknown.The suspicious link between Zika virus infection and microcephaly is an urgent global health problem.Besides microcephaly,Zika virus can also cause other diseases such as Guillain-Barré.However,there is currently no Zika virus vaccine.The current treatment guidelines are based on limited evidence and mostly symptomatic treatment.However,the World Health Organization has made the development of Zika virus vac-cine a top priority.This is the first major infectious disease related to human birth defects in more than half a century.The World Health Organization(WHO)has issued a global warning and announced this public health emergency that has aroused international concern.This review describes the origin,prevalence and spread of Zika virus infection,fetal mi-crocephaly,the relationship between Zika virus and microcephaly and other diseases,as well as the treatment status and progress of Zika virus.
作者
田亚楠
徐鹏
赵薇
李栗扬
高爽
郭钰
匡野
TIAN Ya-nan;XU Peng;ZHAO Wei;LI Li-yang;GAO Shuang;GUO Yu;KUANG Ye(Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150086,China)
出处
《中华全科医学》
2020年第7期1195-1199,共5页
Chinese Journal of General Practice
基金
黑龙江省博士后科研启动金(LBH-Q15099)。
