摘要
针对宁夏引黄灌区温室辣椒氮肥用量过高的问题,以“长剑73”为试材,通过田间试验,研究了常规施肥(N 300.0kg·hm-2)、减氮10%(N 270.0kg·hm-2)、减氮20%(N 240.0kg·hm-2)、减氮30%(N 210.0kg·hm-2)及不施氮肥对辣椒生长发育、关键生育期光合特征、产量、品质以及经济效益的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,氮肥减量10%并没有降低辣椒苗生长质量。减量施氮各处理在关键生育期内株高、茎粗均有所下降。辣椒盛果期氮肥减量10%处理SPAD最高,与常规氮肥相比提高了1.6%,继续减氮叶绿素含量开始下降。氮肥减量10%在辣椒花期、盛果期冠幅比常规施氮提高5.8%、5.6%。辣椒盛果期氮肥减量10%叶片气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和光合速率比常规施肥处理提高9.4%、0.6%、5.3%。减氮10%处理辣椒产量比常规施氮增产1.1%,减氮20%辣椒产量略低于常规处理,但差异并不显著。氮肥减量降低了辣椒硝酸盐含量,同时提高了辣椒维生素C含量增幅范围为2.9%~8.8%。氮肥减量10%处理比常规氮肥收入提高1.5%,产投比最高为7.3。从辣椒生长发育、光合特征、产量、品质以及经济效益角度来考虑,氮肥投入不低于240kg·hm-2,不高于270kg·hm-2时是较为理想的氮肥减施方案,可在该地区推广应用。
This study focused on the problem of excessive nitrogen use of greenhouse peppers in the Yellow Irrigation Area of Ningxia.Through field trials,’Changjian 73’ was used as the experimental material,conventional fertilization(N 300.0 kg·hm-2),nitrogen reduction 10%(N 270.0 kg·hm-2),nitrogen reduction 20%(N 240.0 kg·hm-2),and nitrogen reduction 30%(N 210.0 kg·hm-2) were treated as part of this study,to clarify the effects of different treatments on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics,yield,quality,and economic benefits of pepper.The results showed that the 10% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer did not reduce the growth quality of pepper seedlings compared with conventional fertilization.Nitrogen reduction,plant height and stem thickness decreased during the key growth period.The highest treatment of SPAD was 10% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer during pepper fruit production period,1.6% increase compared with conventional nitrogen fertilizer.The crown size was 5.8% and 5.6% higher than those of normal nitrogen application during the flowering and fruit periods.The gas porosity,cellular CO2 concentration and photosynthetic rate of leaf were 9.4%,0.6% and 5.3% higher than those of conventional fertilizer treatment,during the pepper fruit season.Nitrogen reduction of 10% of pepper production increased by 1.1% compared to conventional nitrogen application,nitrogen reduction of 20% of pepper yield was slightly lower than conventional treatment,but the difference was not significant.Nitrogen fertilizer reduction reduced the nitrate content of pepper and increased the vitamin C content of pepper from 2.9%-8.8%.Nitrogen fertilizer reduction 10% treatment of income was 1.5% higher than conventional nitrogen fertilizer,and the highest yield ratio was 7.3.In terms of growth,photosynthetic characteristics,yield,quality and economic benefits of pepper,nitrogen fertilizer input,that is,not less than 240 kg·hm-2 and not more than 270 kg·hm-2,was a suitable nitrogen fertilizer reduction program and could be widely us
作者
郭鑫年
纪立东
尹志荣
梁锦秀
孙权
周涛
GUO Xinnian;JI Lidong;YIN Zhirong;LIANG Jinxiu;SUN Quan;ZHOU Tao(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Ningxia,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002;College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021)
出处
《北方园艺》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第7期1-9,共9页
Northern Horticulture
基金
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划资助项目(2017BY085)
宁夏农林科学院全产业链示范推广资助项目(YES-16-0904)
宁夏农业综合开发土地治理资助项目(NTKJ2017-01-20)。
关键词
减量施氮
温室
辣椒
生长发育
产量品质
经济效益
nitrogen reduction
greenhouse
pepper
growth
production quality
economic benefits
