摘要
何首乌作为药物,始载于宋代《开宝本草》,为传统的补益类药材。近年来,何首乌的肝毒性引起了国内外学者的高度关注。该文对历代本草著作中的何首乌药图进行了考证,并对影响何首乌的品质及毒性因素进行了本草学考察。历代本草中收载的何首乌图基本上均为蓼科植物何首乌Polygonum multiflorum,仅《太乙仙制本草药性大全》和《圖解本草》中的附图可能分别为蓼科植物翼蓼Pteroxygonum giraldii和薯蓣科植物黄独Dioscorea bulbifera。历代本草著作中何首乌图与萝藦科鹅绒藤属植物相差甚远。唐代《何首乌传》中已经注意到何首乌块根中的异常维管束,该特征被历代本草所沿承,这也是推断其基原为蓼科植物何首乌的证据之一。历代本草中对异常维管束性状的描述逐渐形成了"云锦花纹"这一术语,并认为"五瓣者良"。此外,古代医药学家已经注意到不同性状的何首乌存在毒性有无之别,即"体润而嫩大者佳""老硬多筋,服之塞血"。该文梳理了历代本草中何首乌种质及其"辨状论质"观,为开展何首乌质量评价研究提供了本草学依据。
As a medicine, Heshouwu was first appeared in Kaibao Bencao in Song Dynasty, which was a traditional tonic medicine. In recent years, the hepatotoxicity of Heshouwu has attracted great attention of domestic and foreign scholars. This paper has carried out textual research on illustration, quality evaluation, toxic and side effects of the Heshouwu in the historical Bencao(materia medica) literature. Illustrations of Heshouwu in the historical Bencao literatures are basically Polygonum multiflorum. Only in Taiyixian Zhibencao Yaoxing Daquan and Tujie Bencao, illustrations of Heshouwu may be Pteroxygonum giraldii and Dioscorea bulbifera, respectively. Illustrations of Heshouwu in the historical Bencao literatures are quite different from those of the genus Cynanchum in Asclepiadaceae. In the biography of Heshouwu, the author has noticed the abnormal vascular bundle in the root tuber of Heshouwu, which was inherited by the historical Bencao literatures. This is also one of the evidences to infer that Heshouwu is from Polygonaceae plant P. multiflorum. The description of abnormal vascular bundle in the historical Bencao literatures has been developed and evolved into the term "brocaded patterns", and it is considered that "five petals are good". Furthermore, ancient medical scientists have noticed that there are toxic differences in different characters of Heshouwu, that is, "Heshouwu with abundant parenchyma cells, low fibrous and large is superior in quality", "the hard and fibrous root tuber of P. multiflorum has toxic side effects". In this paper, the germplasm and the theory of assessing the quality by distinguishing features of traditional Chinese medicinal materials of Heshouwu in the historical Bencao literatures are reviewed, which provides the basis of materia medica for the quality evaluation of Heshowu.
作者
赵玉姣
彭华胜
ZHAO Yu-jiao;PENG Hua-sheng(School of Pharmary,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China;Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit(No.2019RU057),National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)
出处
《中国中药杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期1960-1967,共8页
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(81973432)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。
关键词
何首乌
图考
云锦花纹
辨状论质
本草考证
Heshouwu
botanical origin
brocaded patterns
assessing quality by distinguishing features of traditional Chinese medicinal materials
herbal textual research
