摘要
【目的】在土壤有效磷和速效钾含量中上、碱解氮缺乏的甘蔗地,结合甘蔗养分吸收特性,探讨甘蔗氮磷钾化肥配施效应。【方法】设置不施肥、氮磷钾肥、不施氮肥、不施磷肥和不施钾肥处理,对甘蔗生长性状、养分含量、品质、产量和养分利用效率进行比较分析。【结果】不施肥、不施氮显著降低甘蔗的茎长、茎粗、单茎重、有效茎数、叶片及蔗茎氮磷钾养分含量和产量,不施磷显著降低单茎重、有效茎数、叶片及蔗茎磷含量和产量,不施钾显著降低甘蔗的茎长、茎粗、单茎重、有效茎数、叶片及蔗茎钾含量、蔗汁锤度和产量。氮磷钾配施甘蔗产量最高达150.1 t/hm2,氮磷钾肥农学效率分别为N 117.8 kg/kg、P2O5189.4 kg/kg、K2O 57.5 kg/kg,氮磷钾肥料利用率分别为27.1%、9.0%和35.6%。【结论】氮磷钾是甘蔗生长发育、体内养分累积、产量及品质形成的重要调控因素,在中低产田种植甘蔗时,更应重视氮磷钾肥的合理平衡施用。
【Objective】Combined with the nutrient absorption characteristics of sugarcane,the effects of application of N,P and K chemical fertilizers on sugarcane were studied while soil contained deficient N,above the medium level of P and K.【Method】Four treatments were designed,including treatment with N-P-K fertilizers,treatments without N,P or K fertilizer,respectively,and a control treatment was conducted with no fertilizer.The growth characters of sugarcane,nutrient contents,quality,yield,and nutrient use efficiency were compared and analyzed.【Result】The control and treatment without N fertilizer significantly reduced the stem length,stem girth,weight of single stem,the number of effective stems,the contents of N,P,and K in leaves and stems and the yield.And treatment without P fertilizer significantly reduced the weight of single stem,the number of effective stems,the content of P in leaves and stems and the yield,while treatment without K fertilizer considerably decreased the stem length,stem girth,and weight of single stem,the number of effective stems,the content of K in leaves and stems,sugarcane-juice brix,and the yield.The highest yield of sugarcane was 150.1 t/hm2,the agronomic efficiency was 117.8 kg plant/kg N,189.4 kg plant/kg P2O5,57.5 kg plant/kg K2O that founded in OPT treatment.Meanwhile,the use efficiency of N,P,and K fertilizers were 27.1%,9.0%,and 35.6%,respectively.【Conclusion】The N,P,and K are important regulating factors for sugarcane growth,nutrient accumulation,yield and quality formation.More attention should be paid to the rational and balanced application of N,P and K fertilizers in medium and low yield fields.
作者
李国良
何兆桓
王继华
杨苞梅
顾艳
胡伟芳
杨少海
LI Guoliang;HE Zhaohuan;WANG Jihua;YANG Baomei;GU Yan;HU Weifang;YANG Shaohai(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation,Guangzhou 510640,China;Crops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2020年第3期75-80,共6页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200102)
广东省农业科学院“十三五”学科团队建设项目(201632TD)。
关键词
甘蔗
养分含量
农学效率
肥料利用率
养分收获指数
sugarcane
nutrient amount
agronomic efficiency
fertilizer utilization
nutrient harvest index
