摘要
在宁夏引黄灌区通过3年田间小区试验研究了4种施氮模式对玉米产量、经济效益和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,不同施氮模式之间玉米产量差异不显著。与常规施肥相比,减氮处理施氮量减少14.3%,玉米可增产3.7%~4.9%,节本增效1226.1~1586.1元/hm^2。有机肥无机肥配施较常规施肥可节约氮28.6%,玉米增产0.8%~8.1%,但经济效益降低了967.8~3667.8元/hm^2。控释肥配施较常规施肥可节约氮54.3%,前两年玉米减产0.1%~0.7%,第三年增产3.9%,节本增效413.2~1673.2元/hm^2。氮肥的养分吸收量、养分收获指数和肥料偏生产力常规施肥最低,控释肥配施最高,分别为198.8~269.6 kg/hm^2、0.70~0.83、57.8~79.3 kg/kg。综上所述,减氮、有机肥部分替代化肥和控释肥配施均可维持较高的玉米产量,提高氮肥生产效率。
The effects of four nitrogen fertilization modes on maize yield,economic benefits and nitrogen absorption and utilization in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area were studied through three-year field plot test.The results showed that there was no significant difference in maize yield between different nitrogen fertilization modes.Compared with conventional fertilization,nitrogen application in the treatment with nitrogen reduction decreased by 14.3%,and maize yield increased by 3.7%to 4.9%,saving 1226.1~1586.1 yuan/hm^2.Compared with conventional fertilization,organic and inorganic fertilization could save 28.6%of nitrogen and increase the yield by 0.8%to 8.1%,but the economic benefits decreased by 967.8 to 3667.8 yuan/hm^2.Compared with conventional fertilization,controlled release fertilizer application could save 54.3%of nitrogen,reduce the yield by 0.1%to 0.7%in the first two years,increase the yield by 3.9%in the third year,and increase the efficiency by 413.2~1673.2 yuan/hm^2.The nutrient uptake,nutrient harvest index and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were the lowest.Controlled release of fertilizer was the highest,with 198.8~269.6 kg/hm^2,0.70~0.83,57.8~79.3 kg/kg respectively.To sum up,partial replacement of fertilizer with nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer and fertilizer with controlled release fertilizer can maintain a high yield of maize and improve the production efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer.
作者
罗健航
王海廷
赵营
刘晓彤
张学军
Luo Jianhang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)
出处
《宁夏农林科技》
2019年第10期10-12,共3页
Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology
基金
河套灌区粮田氮磷淋溶和农业废弃物污染综合防治技术模式示范（2018YFD0800805）
关键词
玉米
产量
氮素吸收
施氮模式
经济效益
Maize
Yield
Nitrogen absorption
Nitrogen application pattern
Economic benefits
