摘要
【目的】分析苦瓜花粉的辐照效应及其授粉后对后代表型性状的影响,为创制苦瓜新种质提供参考依据。【方法】以3种类型苦瓜(MC6、MC9和MC143)为材料,用不同剂量钴射线(^60Co-γ)进行花粉辐照处理,测定各处理花粉的萌发率和辐照1代(M1)的单瓜种子数;观测和记录田间种植200 Gy ^60Co-γ处理苦瓜辐照2~5代(M2~M5)的表型性状。【结果】苦瓜材料MC6、MC9和MC143的花粉萌发率均随^60Co-γ辐照剂量的增加而下降,至辐照剂量为350 Gy时,花粉萌发率分别由对照的89.3%、92.8%和95.5%降至0.8%、0.3%和0.4%;各辐照剂量处理苦瓜花粉均能使果实膨大,但辐照剂量在300 Gy以上时,未获得有胚种子;辐照处理的花粉授粉后,3种类型苦瓜的M2表型(主要为果实皮色、收获始期和性型)变异率分别为3.54%、8.55%和5.26%,至M5时,稳定的变异率分别为0.88%、2.63%和0,获得了苦瓜果皮色和性型变异株的稳定后代。【结论】以不同剂量^60Co-γ射线进行苦瓜花粉辐照可获得苦瓜果皮色和性型变异株的稳定后代,其中200 Gy辐照苦瓜花粉授粉能使部分基因型苦瓜产生稳定变异,而通过辐照苦瓜花粉后授粉收获成熟种子的方法创制苦瓜新种质时花粉的辐照剂量不宜高于300 Gy。
【Objective】The effects of irradiation on pollen and the phenotypic traits of the offspring after pollination were analyzed to provide reference for creation of new germplasm in bitter gourd.【Method】The pollen germination rate and single-melon average seeds of three different types of M1 of bitter gourd(MC6,MC9,MC143)were checked after different doses of ^60Co-γirradiation.The phenotypic changes were investigated on M2-M5 plants derived from the pollination with 200 Gy^60 Co-γtreated pollens.【Result】The germination rate of pollens for MC6,MC9,MC143 of bitter gourd decreased with the increase of ^60Co-γirradiation dose.When the irradiation dose was 350 Gy,the germination rates decreased from 89.3%,92.8%and 95.5%for the control to 0.8%,0.3%and 0.4%,respectively.The fruit pollinated by pollens treated with different dosages of ^60Co-γwas able to expand,but no embryonic-seeds were harvested from the treatment of dosage over 300 Gy.The phenotypic(main on fruit skin color,harvest the beginning,sexual variant strain)variation rates of M2 plants were 3.54%,8.55%and 5.26%,respectively.However,the stable variation rates respectively were 0.88%,2.63%and 0 for M5 plants,which were mainly counted from the traits including fruit skin color,first harvest stage,sexual type,etc.The progenies with stable variation on skin color and sexual type were obtained.【Conclusion】Pollen irradiation with different dose of ^60Co-γray can obtain the stable offspring of bitter gourd on fruit skin color and sexual variant strain,and stable mutants of bitter gourd of some properties were obtained by pollination of pollens treated with 200 Gy ^60Co-γray.The radiation dose of ^60Co-γray on pollen should not be higher than 300 Gy ^60Co-γinbreeding new germplasm of bitter gourd.
作者
陈小凤
黄如葵
梁家作
黄玉辉
冯诚诚
黄熊娟
刘杏连
秦健
琚茜茜
CHEN Xiao-feng;HUANG Ru-kui;LIANG Jia-zuo;HUANG Yu-hui;FENG Cheng-cheng;HUANG Xiong-juan;LIU Xing-lian;QIN Jian;JU Xi-xi(Vegetable Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding and New Technology Development,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期855-861,共7页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
广西重点研究计划项目(桂科AB18216001)
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204026)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-23-G50)
广西自然科学基金项目(2018GXNS FAA281140)
广西科技计划项目(桂科AD17129042)。
