摘要
【目的】分析不同种植密度和施氮量对优质稻桂育8号产量、稻米外观和加工品质等经济性状的影响,为科学制定其高产高效栽培技术措施提供理论依据。【方法】设4种种植密度(2.4×10^5、2.7×10^5、3.0×10^5和3.3×10^5蔸/hm^2,A1~A4处理)和4种施氮量(120.0、165.0、210.0和255.0 kg/hm^2,B1~B4处理),采用裂区设计进行田间试验,测定不同种植密度、不同施氮量处理桂育8号的产量等经济性状及稻米的外观和加工品质,筛选桂育8号的最佳种植密度和施氮量。【结果】种植密度对桂育8号的最高苗数、成穗率和产量具有极显著影响(P<0.01),对糙米率具有显著影响(P<0.05,下同);随着种植密度的增加,桂育8号的穗粒数、千粒重和穗长无明显变化,垩白度和垩白粒率呈逐渐升高趋势,粒长、粒宽、长宽比和透明度无明显规律性变化。随着施氮量的增加,最高苗数、千粒重和产量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,有效穗数呈逐渐升高的变化趋势,米质指标变化规律不明显;施用氮肥或增加种植密度均可显著增加水稻产量,但当施肥过量或密度较高时,产量降低,米质指标中的粒长、长宽比和透明度变差。种植密度和施氮量均能影响叶面积指数峰值,叶面积指数峰值与产量关系密切,过高或过低都会导致产量下降。种植密度和施氮量互作结果表明,A3B2互作的稻谷产量最高,达8.33×103 kg/hm^2,其次为A3B3互作(8.13×103 kg/hm^2),但A3B2互作米粒的粒长、长宽比和透明度在各处理中最低,整精米率排名第三,综合性状较差;A3B3互作的稻谷产量虽然排名第二,但糙米率最高,整精米率排名第二,米粒粒宽最小,长宽比最高,透明度等级最高,综合性状最优。【结论】桂育8号在最佳种植密度3.0×10^5蔸/hm^2(每蔸2苗)和施氮量210.0 kg/hm^2(A3B3组合)条件下,可获得较高的稻谷产量及理想的大米外观和加工品质。
【Objective】The present paper analyzed the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application amounts on the yield,appearance,quality and other economic characters of processed rice of Guiyu 8,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific formulation of high yield,high efficiency and excellent cultivation techniques.【Method】Four planting densities(2.4×10^5,2.7×10^5,3.0×10^5 and 3.3×10^5 clump/hm^2,A1-A4 treatments)and four nitrogen rates(120.0,165.0,210.0 and 255.0 kg/hm^2,B1-B4 treatments)were designed,and field experiments were carried out with split plot design.Economical traits such as the yield of Guiyu 8 treated with different planting densities and different nitrogen application rates,and the appearance and processing quality of rice were determined,and the optimal planting density and nitrogen application amount of Guiyu 8 were screened.【Result】Planting density had very significant effect on the highest seedling number,spike rate and yield of Guiyu 8(P<0.01),and significant effects on the brown rice rate(P<0.05,the same as below).With the increase of planting density,there was no obvious change in the number of grains per ear,1000 grain weight and ear length of Guiyu 8,and the chalkiness and chalkiness rate increased gradually,but there was no regular change in grain length,grain width,length width ratio and transparency.With the increase of nitrogen application,the highest seedling number,1000 grain weight and yield increased first and then decreased,the number of effective panicles increased gradually,but the change rule of rice quality index was not obvious.The application of nitrogen fertilizer or the increase of planting density could significantly increase the yield of rice,but when the fertilization was excessive or the density was high,the yield decreased,and the grain length,length width ratio and transparency of rice quality index decreased.Both the planting density and the amount of nitrogen applied can affect the peak leaf area index.The peak leaf area
作者
李虎
黄秋要
陈传华
刘广林
吴子帅
罗群昌
朱其南
李秋雯
LI Hu;HUANG Qiu-yao;CHEN Chuan-hua;LIU Guang-lin;WU Zi-shuai;LUO Qun-chang;ZHU Qi-nan;LI Qiu-wen(Rice Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding/Guangxi Talent Highland of High Quality Rice Breeding Research,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China;Baise Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Baise 533000,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期718-724,共7页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200302)
广西科技计划项目(桂科AB1850041)
南宁市西乡塘区科学研究与技术开发计划项目(201810208)
广西农业科学院水稻研究所自选项目(桂农科水稻ZX-01)。
关键词
桂育8号水稻
种植密度
施氮量
经济性状
产量
米质
Guiyu 8 rice
Planting density
Nitrogen rate
Economic character
Yield
Rice quality
