摘要
【目的】黄腐酸(FA)可提高作物的光合作用,提高产量和品质。研究底施黄腐酸后减少化肥用量对辣椒生长的影响,为辣椒生产中减少化肥施用量提供可行的途径。【方法】以‘长剑’辣椒为试验材料,在山东农业大学日光温室内进行小区试验。以常规化肥施用量(N 450 kg/hm^2、P2O5120 kg/hm^2、K2O 900 kg/hm^2)为对照(CK),在底施黄腐酸肥料600 kg/hm^2基础上,分别设减施氮磷钾化肥常规用量的45%(T1)、30%(T2)、15%(T3)和0%(T4)处理。在辣椒盛果期,测定其生长量、干物质含量、光合荧光参数、碳代谢、品质等指标,并统计产量。【结果】与CK相比,T1处理的株高显著增加,T2处理的株高、茎粗、总干物重、糖含量和蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性显著增加,T3和T4处理的干物重、光合速率(Pn)、糖含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和SS活性均显著增加,同时,T1、T2、T3和T4处理较CK处理显著降低了蒸腾速率(Tr),提高了单株结果数和单果重,产量分别比CK增加了29.48%、13.91%、37.79%和26.37%;以T1处理的综合品质最差,T3处理的辣椒果实可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸的含量均高于其他基施黄腐酸处理,维生素C含量虽低于T2处理,但仍显著高于其他处理,综合效果最优。【结论】在本试验条件下,底施黄腐酸肥料600 kg/hm^2可促进设施辣椒生长发育,增加干物质量积累,提高净光合速率,增强碳代谢相关酶活性,显著提高其产量及品质。在底施黄腐酸肥料基础上减施化肥常规用量的30%仍可保持较高的产量和品质,而减施15%的化肥可以大幅提升辣椒植株的生长发育和碳代谢酶活性,进而显著提高其产量和品质。由于是一年的试验结果,基施黄腐酸肥料减施化肥的长期效应还需进一步研究。
【Objectives】Fulvic acid(FA)had been proved of beneficial effects in crop growth and photosynthesis.This paper focused on the reducing ratio of total chemical fertilizer inputs after the application of FA,so to provide an effective way of reducing chemical fertilizer input and increasing yield and quality of pepper(Capsicum annuum L).【Methods】A microplot experiment was conducted using‘Changjian’pepper as the test material in a solar-greenhouse of Shandong Agricultural University.Conventional chemical fertilizer input of N 450 kg/hm^2,P2O5120 kg/hm^2 and K2O 900 kg/hm^2 was used as control(CK),and at the base of basal applying 600 kg/hm^2 of fulvic acid,four reducing ratio treatments of NPK fertilizers were set up as 45%(T1),30%(T2),15%(T3)and 0%(T4).The dry matter weight,photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters,carbon metabolism were measured at the full fruiting stage,and the quality and yields of pepper were investigated at harvest.【Results】Compared with CK,T1 treatment merely increased plant height significantly,T2 treatment increased the plant height,stem diameter,total dry matter content,sugar content and sucrose synthase(SS)activity of obviously,and T3 and T4 treatments increased plant dry matter weight,photosynthetic rate(Pn),sugar content,sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)and SS activities notably.In all the FA applied treatments,plant leaves had lower rate of transpiration rate(Tr)and higher fruit number per plant and mean single fruit weight,and the yield of T1,T2,T3 and T4 were significantly increased by 29.48%,13.91%,37.79%and 26.37%,respectively.However,T1 showed the worst integrated pepper fruit quality and T3 showed the best one as its higher contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,free amino acid and vitamin C.【Conclusions】Under the experimental conditions,applying FA fertilizer 600 kg/hm^2 could promote the growth,accumulation of dry matter,photosynthesis,activities of carbon metabolism related enzymes as well as the yield and quality of pepper.With this FA rate,total chemical
作者
高原
郭晓青
李福德
毕焕改
艾希珍
GAO Yuan;GUO Xiao-qing;LI Fu-de;BI Huan-gai;AI Xi-zhen(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huang Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China;Yantai Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Yantai,Shandong 264001,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期594-602,共9页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
山东省重点研发计划(2019GNC106047)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(SDAIT-05-10)
山东农业大学泉林黄腐酸肥料工程实验室开放研发基金(QL2016-15)
国家自然科学基金(31701909)。
关键词
辣椒
黄腐酸
化肥减施
碳代谢
产量
品质
pepper
fulvic acid
chemical fertilizer reduction
carbon metabolism
yield
quality
