摘要
宋明理学是中国儒学发展史上继先秦子学、汉唐经学后的又一重要理论范式。相较于汉唐儒学,这一新范式的显著思想标识就是偏重形上之维和内圣之维的开拓,从本体论、心性论和工夫论等各层面深化儒家义理精神。就理学本体论、心性论和工夫论的建构以及理气心性的圆融而言,“北宋五子”和朱熹之学对儒家这一理论范式的建构具有奠基性的意义。邵雍的“先天之学”和周敦颐的“太极”说,是为儒家道德精神确立形上依据的一种重要尝试,代表着理学思想的滥觞,不仅如此,周敦颐的“诚”论还一改汉唐儒学宇宙论的铺排,开始了儒家心性本体化的思考,由此重新开启了儒家的“内圣”之维。张载的气本论哲学是儒家本体论建构的真正开端,而其划分“天地之性”和“气质之性”的主张则是理学范式下典范性的心性论成果。二程“自家体贴出天理”,奠定了理本论哲学的基础,而其“性即理”的论说则昭示着他们对理学本体论和心性论的打通。二程后,朱熹通过注解“四书”,建构了综合“北宋五子”、圆融理气心性的理学体系,而这也标志着儒家理学这一新理论范式的确立。
Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties is another important theoretical paradigm in the history of Confucianism following the Qin Dynasty and the Han and Tang dynasties.Compared with Confucianism in Han and tang dynasties,the prominent thought mark of this new paradigm is to emphasize the development of the dimension of form and the dimension of inner sanctification,and to deepen the Confucian moral spirit from the aspects of Ontology,Xinxing,and Gongfu theory.As far as the construction of the theory of Ontology,Xinxing and Gongfu neo-Confucianism,the“Five Neo-Confucianism thinkers in the Northern Song Dynasty”and Zhu Xi’s theory have the ground-breaking significance for the construction of the theoretical paradigm of Confucianism.Shao Yong’s“innate learning”and Zhou Dunyi’s“Tai Chi”theory are an important attempt to establish a formal basis for Confucian moral spirit,representing the origin of Neo-Confucianism.Zhou Dunyi’s“honesty”theory also changed the layout of the Confucian cosmology in the Han and Tang dynasties and began the thinking of the Confucian mentality,thus opening up the dimension of Confucianism’s“inner sanctification”.Zhang Zai’s theory of gas theory is the real beginning of the construction of Confucian ontology,and his claim of dividing“nature of heaven and earth”and“nature of temperament”is the result of the theory of mind under the paradigm of science.The second course“posted the theory of heaven in his own body”laid the foundation for the philosophy of rationalism,and the theory of“Xing is Li”shows that they have opened up the theory of Neo-Confucianism and the theory of psychology.After the second journey,Zhu Xi constructed a Neo-Confucianism system that synthesizes the“Five Neo-Confucianism thinkers in the Northern Song Dynasty”and is harmonious and rational.This also marks the establishment of a new theoretical paradigm of Confucianism.
作者
郑治文
ZHENG Zhi-wen(Confucius Institute of Culture,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,China)
出处
《齐鲁学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期14-24,共11页
Qilu Journal
基金
韩国艮斋学会特别委托项目“艮斋对朱子理学思想的理解研究”(gzxh2018-01)。
关键词
本体论
心性论
工夫论
北宋五子
朱熹
理学范式建构
Ontology theory
Xinxing theory
Gongfu theory
Five Neo-Confucianism thinkers in the Northern Song Dynasty
Zhu Xi
Construction of Neo-Confucianism Paradigm in Song and Ming Dynasties
