摘要
针对当前关中平原冬小麦生产中氮肥投入过量、灌溉水资源不足的问题,研究节水减氮栽培模式下冬小麦籽粒产量、水氮利用及硝态氮淋失情况,能为确定冬小麦节水减肥环保增效的生产模式提供理论依据。于2017-2019年在陕西杨凌开展冬小麦节水减氮田间栽培试验,采用二因素裂区设计,施氮量为主处理,灌水量为副处理,设施氮量处理N300(300 kg hm^–2)、N225(225 kg hm^–2)、N150(150 kg hm^–2)、N75(75 kg hm^–2)、N0(不施氮)和灌水量处理W2(1200 m^3 hm^–2)、W1(600 m^3 hm^–2)、W0(0),分析小麦产量、水氮利用效率及土壤硝态氮淋失情况。结果表明,2017-2018年和2018-2019年小麦季灌水处理较不灌水处理分别增产14.88%~15.01%和4.11~4.16倍,但处理间差异不显著,而越冬期灌水600 m^3 hm^–2土壤硝态氮淋失风险显著降低。在越冬期灌水600 m^3 hm^–2处理下,2017-2018年施氮量150 kg hm^–2处理产量最高,2018-2019年则是施氮量225 kg hm^–2处理产量最高,但2018-2019年施氮量150 kg hm^–2处理在较高产量基础上获得较高的氮肥利用效率,土壤硝态氮淋失量也较施氮量225 kg hm^–2处理2个年度分别降低了15.87%和10.20%。因此,施氮量150 kg hm^–2配合越冬期灌水600 m^3 hm^–2,能够在保障产量的基础上,提高水氮利用效率,降低硝态氮淋失风险,实现关中平原冬小麦生产节水减肥环保增效的目标。
In order to solve the problems of excessive nitrogen input and irrigation water resources scarcity in current winter wheat production in Guanzhong Plain,winter wheat grain yield,water and nitrogen use efficiency,and nitrate nitrogen leaching were investigated to hopefully provide a theoretical basis for determining water-saving and nitrogen-reducing cultivation model.The two-factor split-plot field experiment(2017-2019)was conducted in Yangling,Shaanxi province,China,where the nitrogen application rates of N300(300 kg hm^–2),N225(225 kg hm^–2),N150(150 kg hm^–2),N75(75 kg hm^–2),N0(0 kg hm^–2,no nitrogen application)were assigned to the main plots,and the irrigation amount of W2(1200 m^3 hm^–2),W1(600 m^3 hm^–2),W0(0,no irrigation)were assigned to the subplots.The amount of irrigation and nitrogen application had significant effects on wheat yield,water and nitrogen use efficiency,soil nitrate nitrogen content as well as its leaching loss.In the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 wheat seasons,the irrigation treatments(W1 and W2)significantly increased the wheat yield by 14.88%–15.01%and 4.11–4.16 times,respectively,but the difference between them was not significant,while the risk of soil nitrate nitrogen leaching under irrigation of 600 m^3 hm^–2 in overwintering period was significantly reduced.Under the irrigation of 600 m^3 hm^–2 in overwintering period,the yield was the highest in N150 treatment in 2017–2018,and in N225 treatment in 2018–2019,the N150 treatment had higher nitrogen use efficiency,and soil nitrate nitrogen leaching was also reduced by 15.87%and 10.20%compared with that of N225 treatment in 2017–2019.Therefore,N150 treatment(with nitrogen application rate of 150 kg hm^–2)combined with W1 treatment(irrigated 600 m^3 hm^–2 in overwintering period)can improve the water and nitrogen utilization efficiencies and reduce the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching,realizing the water-saving and nitrogen reduction production of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain.
作者
雒文鹤
师祖姣
王旭敏
李军
王瑞
LUO Wen-He;SHI Zu-Jiao;WANG Xu-Min;LI Jun;WANG Rui(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期924-936,共13页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B02)
国家自然科学基金项目(31801300)资助。
关键词
冬小麦
节水减氮
产量
水分利用效率
氮肥利用效率
硝态氮淋失量
winter wheat
water saving and nitrogen reduction
grain yield
water use efficiency
nitrogen use efficiency
nitrate nitrogen leaching
