摘要
根据观测资料的研究指出春季北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)对随后冬季厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Nino–Southern Oscillation, ENSO)的影响具有明显不对称性。春季AO处于正位相时,它对随后冬季厄尔尼诺(El Nino)事件的影响显著,然而春季AO负位相对随后冬季拉尼娜(La Nina)的影响不明显。本研究分析了30个来自CMIP5的耦合模式对春季AO与随后冬季ENSO不对称性关系的模拟能力。30个CMIP5耦合模式中,只有CNRM-CM5和GISS-E2-H-CC模式能较好地抓住春季AO与冬季ENSO的联系。进一步分析这两个模式中春季AO与冬季ENSO的不对称性关系,发现CNRM-CM5模式能较好地再现春季AO与冬季ENSO的非对称关系,即春季AO正(负)位相会导致赤道中东太平洋出现El Nino(La Nina)型海表温度增暖(冷却)。然而,GISS-E2-H-CC模式的模拟结果显示,春季AO对随后冬季ENSO的影响是对称的。本文随后解释了CNRM-CM5(GISS-E2-H-CC)模式能(不能)模拟出春季AO与冬季ENSO不对称关系的原因。对于CNRMCM5模式,在春季AO正位相年,副热带西北太平洋上空存在明显的异常气旋和正降水异常,正降水异常通过Gill型大气响应对赤道西太平洋异常西风的形成和维持起着重要作用,异常西风通过激发向东传播的暖赤道Kelvin波对随后冬季El Nino事件的发生产生显著的影响;然而,在春季AO负位相年,副热带北太平洋的异常反气旋和负降水异常较弱,导致赤道西太平洋的异常东风不明显,因此,春季AO负异常对随后冬季La Nina的影响不显著。所以,CNRM-CM5模式能够较好地抓住春季AO对随后冬季ENSO事件的非对称性影响。相比之下,对于GISS-E2-H-CC模式,春季AO正(负)位相年副热带西北太平洋上存在显著的正(负)降水异常,通过Gill型大气响应在赤道西太平洋激发出明显的异常西(东)风从而影响随后冬季的El Nino(La Nina)事件。因此,在GISS-E2-H-CC模式中,春季AO对随后冬季ENSO具有对称性
Previous observational studies have demonstrated that the spring Arctic Oscillation(AO) has a significant asymmetric impact on the El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) during the following winter. In particular, the positive spring AO year can exert a notable impact on the following winter El Nino event. However, the impact of the negative spring AO on the following winter La Nina is weak. In this study, the authors examined the ability of the 30 coupled models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) in reproducing the observed asymmetric impact of the spring AO on the ENSO during the following winter. The results show that out of the 30 models, only two models(i.e., CNRM-CM5 and GISS-E2-H-CC) can well capture the observed significant spring AOENSO relation. These two models were further employed to examine the asymmetric impact of the spring AO on the following winter ENSO. The CNRM-CM5 model could reasonably reproduce the observed asymmetric relationship between the spring AO and the winter ENSO. In particular, in the CNRM-CM5 model, the positive(negative) spring AO could(could not) lead to an El Nino-like(La Nina-like) sea surface temperature(SST) warming in the tropical central–eastern Pacific. By contrast, in the GISS-E2-H-CC model, the significant impact of the spring AO on the subsequent winter ENSO is symmetric;that is, the positive(negative) spring AO could result in significant positive(negative) SST anomalies in the tropical central–eastern Pacific during the following winter. The possible factors responsible for the asymmetric/symmetric relationship of the spring AO with the following winter ENSO in the CNRMCM5/GISS-E2-H-CC models were further examined. For the CNRM-CM5 model, a significant anomalous cyclone and positive precipitation anomalies could be seen over the subtropical western–central North Pacific during the positive spring AO year. The positive precipitation anomalies play an important role in maintaining the westerly wind anomalies over the tropical
作者
郑玉琼
陈文
陈尚锋
ZHENG Yuqiong;CHEN Wen;CHEN Shangfeng(Center for Monsoon System Research,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academof Sciences,Beijing 100029;College of Earth Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)
出处
《大气科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期435-454,共20页
Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目2016YFA0600604
国家自然科学基金资助项目41721004、41605050
中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目YZDY-SSW-DQC024。
