摘要
通过两年大田随机区组试验,研究不同形态氮素运筹对玉米关键时期无机氮含量、光合特性、干物质和氮素积累与转运、氮肥利用率、产量和经济效益的影响。所有处理进行分层操作,设置不施氮肥(CK)、普通尿素一次施肥(PU1)、普通尿素传统施肥(PU2,60%种肥+40%追肥)、普通尿素分层施肥(PU3,上层20%N+中层30%N+下层50%N)、缓释尿素(PCU)与普通尿素(PU)掺混分层基施[上层20%N(普通尿素)+中层30%N(配施)+下层50%N(配施),PCU1(PCU∶PU=中3∶7、下3∶7)、PCU2(PCU∶PU=中5∶5、下5∶5)、PCU3(PCU∶PU=中3∶7、下5∶5)、PCU4(PCU∶PU=中5∶5、下3∶7)]共8个处理。结果表明,普通尿素分层基施和缓释/普通尿素掺混分层基施均能提高玉米吐丝期和灌浆期10~20和20~30 cm土层无机氮含量及穗位叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,降低胞间CO2浓度,增加成熟期干物质和氮素积累量,促进吐丝后干物质和氮素积累转运,提高肥料利用率;与普通尿素分层施肥相比,缓释/普通尿素掺混分层基施效果更好;各处理中PCU4的干物质积累量、氮素积累量、氮收获指数、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率最高,分别为23.55×103 kg·hm-2、190.85 kg·hm-2、0.54、63.18 kg·kg-1和43.53%;缓释/普通尿素掺混分层基施更有利于提高产量和经济效益,PCU4处理2017和2018年产量最高,分别为13 899.08和12 439.35 kg·hm-2,经济效益分别为17 022.24和14 832.65元·hm-2。综上所述,普通尿素分层施肥和缓释/普通尿素掺混分层基施能增加玉米吐丝期后的土壤无机氮含量,改善叶片光合特性,促进干物质和氮素的积累与转运,提高肥料利用效率,缓释/普通尿素掺混分层基施更有助于提高玉米产量和经济效益,其中PCU4处理的效果最佳。
Two years of field randomized block experiments were conducted to study the effects of different forms of nitrogen management on inorganic nitrogen content,photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation,nitrogen use efficiency,yield and economic benefits during key periods of maize.The field experiments including eight fertilization treatments:No N fertilizer application(CK),once-applied common urea as base fertilizer(PU1),conventional applied common urea(PU2,60% seed fertilizer + 40% top dressing),layered applied common urea(PU3,top layer:middle layer:bottom layer =2 ∶ 3 ∶ 5),slow-released(PCU)and common urea(PU)mixed layered applying[top layer(PU):middle layer(PCU + PU):bottom layer(PCU + PU)=2∶3∶5],including PCU1(PCU∶PU = 3∶7 at both middle and bottom layers),PCU2(PCU∶PU = 5∶5 at both middle and bottom layers),PCU3(PCU∶PU = 3∶7 at middle and 5∶5 at bottom layer),PCU4(PCU∶PU = 5∶5 at middle and 3∶7 at bottom layer).The results showed that common urea layered application and slow release/common urea combined application as base fertilizers increased the soil inorganic content in 10 ~ 20 and 20 ~ 30 cm,increased chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance,decreased the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration during maize silking and filling stage,they also increased dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in maturity,increased dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translation after silking stage.Compared to common urea layered application,the effects of slow release/common urea combined layered application as base fertilizer were better.In all treatments,the dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen harvest index,nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of PCU4 treatment were 23.55×103 kg·hm-2,190.85 kg·hm-2,0.54,63.18 kg·kg-1 and 43.53% respectively.Slow release/common urea combined layered application as base fertilizer were more conducive to
作者
武鹏
王玉凤
张翼飞
陈天宇
王怀鹏
尹雪巍
杨丽
张继卫
菅立群
李庆
宋梦琪
张津松
薛盈文
杨克军
WU Peng;WANG Yu-feng;ZHANG Yi-fei;CHEN Tian-yu;WANG Huai-peng;YIN Xue-wei;YANG Li;ZHANG Ji-wei;JIAN Li-qun;LI Qing;SONG Meng-qi;ZHANG Jin-song;XUE Ying-wen;YANG Ke-jun(Department of Agriculture,Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期123-132,共10页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300502,2018YFD0300101)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B05-04)
黑龙江农垦总局重点项目(HNK135-02)
黑龙江八一农垦大学博士启动基金(DB2011-16)
黑龙江省现代农业产业技术协同创新体系。
关键词
玉米
缓释尿素
无机氮
光合
生长发育
产量
maize
slow-release urea
inorganic nitrogen
photosynthetic
growth
yield
