摘要
秸秆育苗种坨是以玉米秸秆作为主要成分,添加牛粪、无机络合物、聚丙烯酸钠、硫酸亚铁等辅料研磨后作为育苗基质,将种子和基质一次性压制成型,也可将种子种植于种坨种植孔内,在满足种子发芽生长的温度和湿度条件下,育苗后直接移栽的新型块状育苗技术。种坨育苗不仅能够定养定肥、省去配肥加药环节,而且具有直接移栽不伤根、无需缓苗、省去装钵取苗环节等优势,具有良好的经济效益、生态效益。该研究在物料特性分析基础上,分别以物料含水率、压缩比以及压缩速度为试验因素,以抗破坏强度、吸水率、膨胀率为试验指标进行试验研究,分析各因素对育苗种坨成型质量及性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,含水率较优范围18%~22%;压缩比较优范围2.75~3.50;压缩速度较优范围90~130 mm/min。进行三元二次正交旋转组合试验设计,建立含水率、压缩比、压缩速度与吸水率、抗破坏强度、膨胀率等参数之间的数学模型,得到各指标优化参数组合为:含水率为22%,压缩比为2.9,压缩速度为90 mm/min,此时育苗种坨抗破坏强度较强,吸水性能好,膨胀率低。验证试验结果表明:种坨成型质量及性能良好,满足育苗要求,为秸秆育苗种坨成型工艺、成型机械的设计与优化提供了理论依据。
Seedling blocks contained maize stovers as the main component, added cow manure, inorganic complex, polyacrylate sodium, ferrous sulfate, and other auxiliary materials ground as the substrate for growing seedlings, the seed once pressed molding in the substrate, also could be planted in the planting hole. First of all, the production process for making seedling block based on maize stovers were discussed in this study, regarded the crushed maize stovers mixed with cow dung as premixed materials, polyacrylate sodium and other supplementary material dissolved as premixed liquid to soak of strovers and cow dung, ground into a viscous paste together as matrix material, using homemade compression mold, hot pepper seeds and substrate material compressed into a block together, the final drying to facilitate storage and transportation. The matrix conductivity in the process of the test was no more than 800 μs/cm, or else reduce the concentration of the pre-mixed solution to ensure the seed normal germination. The material characteristics of substrate and nutrition were tested or laboratory analyzed, the determination of substrate materials, pH value of 6.4 was suitable to the vegetation, the unit weight of 0.4 g/cm3, the total porosity of 65.82%, the aeration porosity of 19.16%, the water-holding porosity of 56.66%, in addition to the phosphorus and potassium levels slightly higher, nitrogen, iron, magnesium, and other nutritional elements were in suitable range. In this study, the pressed seedling block was put on the test platform of the WDW-200 compression testing machine, and the stress at the deformation degree of 20% was taken as the destructive strength. Soak the blocks water for more than 2 hours or spray for more than 3 hours, until the mass after absorption was no longer changed, with the mass after absorption minus the mass before absorption divided by the mass after absorption determined the water absorption. According to the test method of seedling block water absorption, the measurement of the expansion ra
作者
刘德军
周艳吉
刘坤
程乾
白雪卫
宫元娟
Liu Dejun;Zhou Yanji;Liu Kun;Cheng Qian;Bai Xuewei;Gong Yuanjuan(Engineering College,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期241-248,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
农业部公益性行业科研专项(201503134)。
关键词
秸秆
基质
育苗
压缩成型
成型质量
玉米
stovers
substrate
seeding
compression molding
molding quality
maize
