摘要
根据道德演化论,考察道德共识的达成机制需要从理解道德秩序的生成开始。道德秩序是以自下而上模式生成的,不是被自上而下式地建构出来。与此相反,道德建构论者则主张道德共识的达成是自上而下的,在契约社会这似乎是一种显见的事实。不过,现代民主社会所呈现的是,达成道德共识更多地要顺应社会发展的要求,需要被伦理委员会类似功能的理性权衡机制所确认。近年来,科技伦理领域突出的“政策真空”现象鲜明地揭示了这一点。尽管道德共识在形式上可以划分为妥协式和确认式两种类型,但仔细分析会发现妥协式共识其实可以还原为确认式共识。如果最终只存在确认式共识,那么道德共识的建构或重建的说法就只是修辞而非事实。
According to the evolution of morality,we need to begin by understanding the generation of the moral order,to ex-amine the mechanism by how moral consensus is reached.The moral order is generated from bottom-up,not from top-down.In contrast,the moral constructionists claim that the achievement of moral consensus is top-down,which seems to be an obvious fact in a contractual society.However,what modern democratic society shows is that achieving moral consensus is more in line with the requirements of social development,it needs to be confirmed by the rational weighing mechanism,such as ethics committees.In recent years,the“policy vacuum”phenomenon in the field of science and technolog ethics is a stark illustration.Although moral consensus can be formally divided into two types:compromise consensus and afirmative consensus,but we will find that the compromise consensus can be reduced to the afirmative consensus by careful analysis.If,in the end,there is only afirmative consensus,then the construction or reconstruction of moral consensus is rhetoric rather than fact.
出处
《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期115-121,共7页
Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“大数据环境下信息价值开发的伦理约束机制研究”(17ZDA023)。
关键词
道德共识
道德秩序
理性多元论
伦理委员会
政策真空
确认式共识
moral consensus
moral order
rational pluralism
ethics committees
policy vacuum
affirmative consensus