摘要
近期,新型冠状病毒肺炎(2019-nCoV、SARS-CoV-2或COVID-19)正在全球特别是中国快速蔓延,病毒的防护急需大量口罩,但是全球市场口罩紧缺,普通民众对口罩的结构、性能、分类和使用方法缺乏了解,不利于正确选择和使用口罩与抗击病毒。美国职业安全和健康署(OSHA)要求在尘土飞扬的建筑工地必须佩戴N95口罩,世界卫生组织(WHO)也推荐使用N95口罩防护肺结核、禽流感、猪流感、SARS、COVID-19以及其他类型的空气传播疾病。文章简要介绍了医用口罩和N95口罩的概念、结构特点、防护性能、使用方法和再生方法,以及这2种口罩的区别,以帮助民众正确选择口罩、抗击当前正在蔓延的新冠病毒(COVID-19)。另外,针对口罩滤芯——荷电熔喷材料的紧缺情况,分析了静电纺纳米纤维滤材替代其的可能性,以解决目前口罩短缺问题。
Recently,the new coronavirus pneumonia(also called 2019-nCoV,SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19)is spreading rapidly in the world at large,especially in China.The related protection urgently requires a large number of masks,which are in short supply in the global market.In addition,the general public is lack of understanding of performance,classification,and usage methods of masks,which are not conducive to choose the suitable masks.The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)requires N95 masks to be worn on dusty construction sites.And the World Health Organization(WHO)also recommends the use of N95 masks to protect against tuberculosis,bird flu,swine flu,SARS,COVID-19,and other types of airborne diseases.This paper briefly introduces the concepts,structural features,protective properties,usage methods and regeneration methods of medical masks and N95 masks,as well as their differences,so as to help consumers properly choose masks and contain the currently spreading epidemic(COVID-19).Meanwhile,in view of the shortage of mask filter elements,i.e.,electrostatic meltblown nonwoven fabric,the paper carried out a possibility analysis on the replacement of electrospun membrane to solve the current shortage of masks.
出处
《纺织导报》
CAS
2020年第3期64-70,共7页
China Textile Leader
基金
国家自然科学基金委员会资助项目(51373121、51973168)。
